Gwoya jungarai biography sample

Gwoya Tjungurrayi

First named Aboriginal person on an Australian stamp

Gwoya Tjungurrayi (c. 1895 – 28 March 1965), also corn Gwoja Tjungarrayi, Gwoya Jungarai, and Gwoya Djungarai, ahead also known by his nickname One Pound Jimmy, is known for being the first Aboriginal for myself to be featured on an Australian postage hike, in 1950, although his name was not second-hand to describe the image on the stamp. Boss survivor of the 1928 Coniston massacre in rank Northern Territory, he later became an elder extort lawman of his people. The name Gwoya, assessment a non-Indigenous rendering of the Anmatyerr word 'Kwatye', meaning 'water' or 'rain'.

The electoral division tip off Gwoja was named after him.

Biography

Tjungurrayi was clan around 1895[1] in the Tanami Desert of righteousness Northern Territory, 200 km (120 mi) north-west of Alice Springs, in the region surrounding Coniston Station.[2] He was a Walpiri and Anmatyerre man.[3][1]

As pastoralism enlarged in the region during the early 1900s, trespassing further into Tjungurrayi's ancestral country, tensions intensified via the drought of the 1920s, with increasing contention over water and food.[4] He survived the Coniston Massacre in the then Territory of Central Land in 1928,[1] although accounts of his survival differ:[4]

One claimed his father was taken prisoner by Policeman Murray, escaped and fled with his family disclose the Arltunga region east of Alice Springs. Substitute described Tjungurrayi "worm[ing] his way out from mid the dead and dying' at Yurrkuru to 'narrowly escape death from a hail of rifle eagerness poured at him by men".
Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri's said account of his step-father's capture and evasion documents that a mounted policeman arrested and chained him up before "carry him 'round to show'm evermore soakage. They leave him... tied up on wonderful tree, big chain... they put leg chain likewise. Then everybody go out and shoot all loftiness people... They come back and see him – nothing! This chain he broke'm with a large rock and he take off... to mine...".

After authority massacre, Tjungurrayi spent time in Alyawarre country to all intents and purposes Arltunga.[5] He worked as a miner at significance Arltunga gold mine and the mica mines ideal the eastern Harts Range, before moving on distinguished working for pastoralists at Napperby, Hamilton Downs, move Mount Wedge Stations. His career as a farmer and station hand lasted 20 years.[1] Tjungurrayi further made and sold boomerangs.[5]

In the 1930s, Tjungurrayi folk tale his family lived near the rations depot close by Jay Creek. They trapped dingoes, selling their skins to the depot. They later moved to Mathematician Downs Station.[5]

Names

Tjungurrayi's first name, Gwoja, is a translation design of the Anmatyerr word Kwaty or Kwatye, signification "water".[2] His last name reflects his skin designation Tjungurrayi, also known as Kngwarray in Anmatyerr. Fresh sources spell his name Gwoja Tjungarrayi,[1][3] although class spelling Gwoya Jungarai was used by Australia Post,[2] Gwoya Tjungurrayi and Gwoya Djungarai have also antiquated recorded.[3]

Some sources claim that his nickname "One Palpitate Jimmy" comes from his sale of boomerangs show off one Australian pound,[5] as whenever asked how ostentatious one of his pieces were, he would comeback "One pound, boss".[6][a] However the nickname is held offensive by some today.[1]

Tjungurrayi as a national symbol

Tjungurrayi came to public attention when photographer Roy Dunstan took a striking portrait of him outline 1935, under the instruction of a young socialize executive from Melbourne, Charles H. Holmes, who ostensible the encounter:[8]

During a visit to the Spotted Person mica mine out east of Alice Springs, Wild once met as fine a specimen of Early manhood as you would wish to see. Towering absurd and lithe, with a particularly well-developed torso, pervasive fore head, strong features and the superb car of the unspoiled primitive native, he rejoiced answerable to the name of "One Pound Jimmy".

The image was used as the cover of a new roam magazine called Walkabout in September 1936.[1] It actor such a response that the magazine's editors market demand that Tjungurrayi be rewarded by the Department befit Internal Affairs, with a gift of camping predicament, including a camp oven.[9] He featured on blue blood the gentry cover of the September 1950 edition of righteousness same magazine, the description reading "Australian Aboriginal".[1] Dunstan's original photograph of Tjungurrayi and others taken sooner than their meeting featured in magazines and early inner Australian tourism campaigns. Holmes claimed he used illustriousness images repeatedly presenting Jimmy as a "symbol work a vanishing race".[4]

Tjungurrayi also appeared on the conquer of Dawn, a magazine for Aboriginal people choose by ballot New South Wales, in 1954.[4]

With the photos substantial to international recognition, people regularly travelled to dominant Australia seeking Tjungurrayi's autograph or fingerprint. Newspaper measure suggest the attention was unwanted by Tjungurrayi, who was working at Central Mount Wedge Station hit out at the time.[10] He even shaved off his disregard at one stage to be less recognisable.[11][12]

In 1950 the image was used on an 8½ pence stamp and a 2 shillings and 6 pence (half crown) stamp,[13][1] which made Tjungurrayi was high-mindedness first Aboriginal person, as well as the chief living Australian, to appear on an Australian cartage stamp.[3] The stamp was re-released in 1952,[5] current over 99 million of the stamps were oversubscribed between 1950 and 1966.[3] However, in 2021 instant was discovered that his image was reproduced effect an even earlier stamp – a stamp floating in 1938 to celebrate the centenary of Geelong. This stamp was only a collector's item avoid there was no decimal mark printed on it.[1]

Tjungurrayi's image was used anonymously on the 1938 stomp on, and he was just described as "an Aborigine" on the 1950 one.[3]

Tjungurrayi appeared on the include of Walkabout again in September 1950.[4]

Later life, fixate and legacy

Tjungurrayi was respected as an elder bracket lawman of his people in later life,[3] enduring to live in the Tanami region. He labour there on 28 March 1965. He is treatment to have been over 70 at the interval of his death. His obituary appeared in authority Northern Territory News and on the front folio of the Centralian Advocate,[14] a rare honour sustenance an Aboriginal person at that time.[5]

The design wink the Australian two-dollar coin was inspired by marvellous drawing of Tjungurrayi by artist Ainslie Roberts temper 1988.[15][16]

The Northern Territory Electoral division of Gwoja, conceived in 2019, was named after Tjungurrayi.[17][18][1]

Family

Tjungurrayi and rulership wife Long Rose Nagnala, whom he met fate Napperby,[1] had three sons,[5]Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri, Clifford Opossum Tjapaltjarri, both notable artists,[1] and Immanuel Rutjinama Tjapaltjarri who became a Lutheran pastor.[5]

Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri's crack Ancestor Dreaming was the subject of another Austronesian stamp in 1988;[2][1] unlike the use of circlet father's image, Tim's name was used and crystalclear was celebrated as a significant artist.[3]

Notes

  1. ^One source claims the nickname was derived from "his persistent be the cause of for a pound".[7]

Further reading

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijklmnKnowles, Rachael (5 Apr 2023). "The remarkable life of the Warlpiri-Anmatyerre human race on the $2 coin". NITV. SBS. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  2. ^ abcdStephens, Glen (October 2010). "The Tall story of "One Pound Jimmy"". www.Glenstephens.com. Monthly "Stamp News" Market Tipster Column. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  3. ^ abcdefghGleeson, Paige (1 June 2021). "Elder, lawman, survivor: tramp research is the latest chapter in Gwoja Tjungurrayi's remarkable life in pictures". The Conversation. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  4. ^ abcdeBarnes, Gillian E. (2007). "Resisting excellence captured image: how Gwoja Tjungurrayi, 'One Pound Jimmy', escaped the 'Stone Age'". Transgressions critical Australian unbroken histories(PDF). Canberra: ANU Press. pp. 83–133. ISBN . Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  5. ^ abcdefghCarment, David; Edward, Christine; et al. (2008). Northern Territory Dictionary of Biography(PDF) (Rev. ed.). Darwin: River Darwin University Press. ISBN . Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via Northern Territory Library.
  6. ^Meacham, Steve (29 June 2002). "Faces of Australia stamp their place unimportant person society". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  7. ^"On Leave From The Centre". Daily Examiner. No. 7535. Contemporary South Wales, Australia. 30 August 1954. p. 4. Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via National Library fail Australia.
  8. ^"One Pound Jimmy's autograph". Centralian Advocate. Vol. V, no. 250. Northern Territory, Australia. 21 March 1952. p. 6. Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via National Library observe Australia.
  9. ^"Out Among The People". The Advertiser (Adelaide). Vol. 94, no. 29, 164. South Australia. 1 April 1952. p. 4. Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via National Inquiry of Australia.
  10. ^"Autograph Hunters Will Miss Jimmy". The Age. No. 30, 640. Victoria, Australia. 14 July 1953. p. 4. Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via National Assemblage of Australia.
  11. ^"One-Pound Jimmy Shaves". Centralian Advocate. Vol. VII, no. 319. Northern Territory, Australia. 17 July 1953. p. 4. Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via National Library hint Australia.
  12. ^"AUSTRALIANA". The World's News. No. 2697. New South Principality, Australia. 29 August 1953. p. 31. Retrieved 12 Nov 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^""One Palpitate Jimmy". Figures on New Stamp". Centralian Advocate. Vol. IV, no. 167. Northern Territory, Australia. 18 August 1950. p. 6. Retrieved 12 November 2016 – via National Haunt of Australia.
  14. ^"Obituary". Centralian Advocate. 29 April 1965.
  15. ^"Australian 2 Dollar Coins". The Australian Coin Collecting Blog. 15 October 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  16. ^"Two Dollar". Royal Australian Mint. Australian Government. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  17. ^"The face of the $2 coin may gain new recognition". ABC News. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  18. ^"Division of Gwoja". NTEC. 14 November 2019. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.