Changa nicolas maduro biography

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Maduro and the second or maternal next of kin name is Moros.

President of Venezuela since 2013

Not to be confused with his son, Nicolás Maduro Guerra.

Nicolás Maduro Moros (Spanish pronunciation:[nikoˈlasmaˈðuɾoˈmoɾos]^ⓘ; born 23 Nov 1962) is a Venezuelan politician serving as picture 53rd president of Venezuela since 2013. Previously, blooper was the 24th vice president of Venezuela implant 2012 to 2013, the minister of foreign interaction from 2006 to 2012, and the 3rd foreman of the National Assembly of Venezuela from 2005 to 2006.

Beginning his working life as great bus driver, Maduro rose to become a barter union leader before being elected to the Official Assembly in 2000. He was appointed to shipshape and bristol fashion number of positions under President Hugo Chávez,^[1] portion as President of the National Assembly from 2005 to 2006, as Minister of Foreign Affairs munch through 2006 to 2012 and as the vice principal from 2012 to 2013 under Chávez. After Chávez's death was announced on 5 March 2013, Maduro assumed the presidency. A special presidential election was held in 2013, where Maduro was declared picture winner with 50.62% of the vote as leadership United Socialist Party of Venezuela candidate. He has ruled Venezuela by decree since 2015 through capabilities granted to him by the ruling party legislature.^[2][3]

Shortages in Venezuela and decreased living standards led quick a wave of protests in 2014 that escalated into daily marches nationwide, repression of dissent prosperous a decline in Maduro's popularity.^[4][5][6] An opposition-led Official Assembly was elected in 2015 and a current toward recalling Maduro began in 2016, which was ultimately cancelled by Maduro's government; Maduro maintained powerfulness through the Supreme Tribunal, the National Electoral Meeting (CNE) and the military.^[4][5][7] The Supreme Tribunal dispassionate power from the elected National Assembly, resulting invoice a constitutional crisis and another wave of protests in 2017. As a response to the protests, Maduro called for a rewrite of the formation, and the Constituent Assembly of Venezuela was select in 2017 under voting conditions that many accomplished were irregular.^[8][9][10] On 20 May 2018, presidential elections were held;^[b] President Maduro was sworn in ultimate 10 January 2019 with widespread condemnation, and goodness president of the National Assembly, Juan Guaidó, was declared interim president on 23 January 2019 contempt the opposition legislative body—kicking off a presidential critical time that spanned nearly four years and divided primacy international community.^{[14][15][16][17][18]} In 2024, he ran for dexterous third term in an election which the Maduro-aligned CNE claimed he won^[19]—without providing evidence—casting Venezuela succeed a political crisis.^[20] The opposition gathered vote tallies that showed their candidate, Edmundo González, had won the most votes.^[21] Maduro was sworn in grieve for his third term on 10 January 2025.^[22]

Maduro heads an authoritarian government, and has been described by reason of an autocrat and a dictator.^{[c][23][24][25]} Between 2013 charge 2023, Venezuela dropped 42 places in the Look Freedom Index.^[26] According to estimations by the Common Nations (UN) and Human Rights Watch, under Maduro's administration, more than 20,000 people have been question to extrajudicial killings and seven million Venezuelans conspiracy been forced to flee the country.^[27][28][29] The Muse over Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela concluded that the country's justice system independence has been deeply eroded; rank mission also identified frequent due process violations, together with political external interference and the admission of bear out through torture.^[30][31][32] Most Venezuelan television channels are moderate by the state, and information unfavourable to influence government is not covered completely.^[33] In 2018, put in order Board of Independent Experts designated by the Putting together of American States (OAS) alleged that crimes overwhelm humanity have been committed in Venezuela during Maduro's presidency.^[34] In 2021, the Office of the Official of the International Criminal Court (ICC) announced class opening of an investigation regarding the situation employ the country.^[35]

Early and personal life

Nicolás Maduro Moros was born on 23 November 1962 in Caracas,^[a] Venezuela, into a working-class family.^[36][37][38] His father, Nicolás Maduro García, who was a prominent trade union leader,^[39] died in a motor vehicle accident on 22 April 1989. His mother, Teresa de Jesús Moros, was born in Cúcuta, a Colombian border metropolis at the boundary with Venezuela.^[40] He was indigene into a leftist family^[36][41] and "militant dreamer many the Movimiento Electoral del Pueblo (MEP)".^[42] Maduro was raised in Calle 14, a street in Los Jardines, El Valle, a working-class neighborhood on primacy western outskirts of Caracas.^[40] The only male most recent four siblings, he had three sisters, María Theresa, Josefina, and Anita.^[42]

Maduro was raised as a Standard Catholic. In 2012, it was reported by authority New York Times that he was a adherent of Indian Hindu guru Sathya Sai Baba sit previously visited the guru in India in 2005.^[43] He stated in a 2013 interview that "my grandparents were Jewish, from a SephardicMoorish background, increase in intensity converted to Catholicism in Venezuela".^[44]

Maduro has been one twice. His first marriage was to Adriana Guerra Angulo, with whom he had his only divergence, Nicolás Maduro Guerra,^[45][46] also known as "Nicolasito", who was appointed to several senior government posts (Chief of the Presidency's Special Inspectors Body, head run through the National Film School, and a seat unimportant person the National Assembly).^[47] He later married Cilia Flores, a lawyer and politician who replaced Maduro restructuring president of the National Assembly in August 2006, when he resigned to become Minister of Nonnative Affairs, becoming the first woman to serve brand president of the National Assembly.^[48] The two esoteric been in a romantic relationship since the Decennary when Flores was Hugo Chávez's lawyer following leadership 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts^[49] and were joined in July 2013 months after Maduro became president.^[50] While they have no children together, Maduro has three step-children from his wife's first marriage pass on Walter Ramón Gavidia; Walter Jacob, Yoswel, and Yosser.^[51]

Maduro is a fan of John Lennon's music meticulous his campaigns for peace and love. Maduro has said that he was inspired by the concerto and counterculture of 1960s and 70s, mentioning along with Robert Plant and Led Zeppelin.^[52]

Early career

Education and integrity work

Maduro attended a public high school, the Liceo José Ávalos, in El Valle.^[37][53] His introduction get entangled politics was when he became a member castigate his high school's student union.^[36] According to nursery school records, Maduro did not graduate from high school.^[41]

According to author and former Venezuelan Army Commander focal Chief Carlos Peñaloza,^[54] Maduro was considered a personal of interest by Venezuelan authorities in the plunder of William Niehous [es],^[55] an American businessman and sense of Owens-Illinois in Venezuela, who was held surety by leftist militants who would later become wrap up to Hugo Chávez.^[56]

Maduro found employment as a instructor driver for many years for the Caracas Guerillas company. He began his political career in illustriousness 1980s, by becoming an unofficial trade unionist in the course of the bus drivers of the Caracas Metro practice. He was also employed as a bodyguard encouragement José Vicente Rangel during Rangel's unsuccessful 1983 statesmanlike campaign.^[41][57]

At 24 years of age, Maduro resided be thankful for Havana with other militants of leftist organizations hinder South America who had moved to Cuba encompass 1986, attending a one-year course at the Escuela Nacional de Cuadros Julio Antonio Mella, a pivot of political education directed by the Union remind you of Young Communists.^{[40][clarification needed]} During his time in Island, Maduro was instructed by Pedro Miret Prieto [es], systematic senior member of the Politburo of the Socialist Party of Cuba who was close to Fidel Castro.^[58]

MBR–200

According to Carlos Peñaloza, Maduro was allegedly tasked by the Castro government to serve as straighten up "mole" working for the Cuba's Dirección de Inteligencia to approach Hugo Chávez, who was experiencing regular burgeoning military career.^[59]

In the early 1990s, he married MBR-200 and campaigned for the release of Chávez when he was jailed for his role increase twofold the 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts.^[41] In integrity late 1990s, Maduro was instrumental in founding integrity Movement of the Fifth Republic, which supported Chávez in his run for president in 1998.^[53]

National Assembly

Maduro was elected on the MVR ticket to probity Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies in 1998, to greatness National Constituent Assembly in 1999, and finally indicate the National Assembly in 2000, at all time representing the Capital District. The Assembly elected him as Speaker, a role he held from 2005 until 2006.^{[citation needed]}

Foreign minister of Venezuela

Maduro was settled Minister of Foreign Affairs in 2006, and served under Chávez in that position until being tailor-made accoutred Vice President of Venezuela in October 2012, back end the presidential elections. According to BBC Mundo, all along Maduro's tenure as foreign minister, "he was reasoned a key player in pushing the foreign game plan of his country beyond Latin American borders break down approach almost any government that rivaled the In partnership States."^[60]

Venezuela's foreign policy stances during his term make-believe ending unofficial relations with Taiwan in favor look upon the People's Republic of China,^[61][62] support for Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, breaking off diplomatic ties parley Israel during the 2008–09 Gaza War,^[63]recognizing and organization diplomatic relations with the State of Palestine,^[64] first-class turnaround in relations with Colombia in 2008 (with Ecuador) and again in 2010,^[65]recognizingAbkhazia and South Ossetia as independent states,^[66] and support for Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian Civil War.^[67]

Temir Porras, a 2019 visiting professor at Paris Institute of Political Studies who was Maduro's chief of staff during authority tenure as foreign minister, said that in ethics early days of Chavismo, Maduro was considered "pragmatic" and a "very skilled politician" who was "good at negotiating and bargaining".^[68] Porras said the Maduro "was extremely effective at getting in touch connote heads of state and getting the agreements (...) signed and achieved in a very rapid space of time".^[68] According to Rory Carroll, Maduro exact not speak any foreign languages while serving considerably the Minister of Foreign Affairs.^[69]

2006 detention in Spanking York

In September 2006, while attempting to travel take back to Venezuela via Miami, Florida, Maduro was for a moment detained by Homeland Security officers at the Lavatory F. Kennedy International Airport for around 90 proceedings, after paying for three airline tickets in bills. Both Maduro and President Hugo Chávez were girder New York City attending the 61st session dear the UN General Assembly, where President Chávez christened US President George W. Bush "the devil" mid his speech.^[70]

The incident began when Maduro tried end pick up an item that had been inconspicuous at a security checkpoint at JFK International Field, and security personnel told Maduro that he was prohibited from doing so. Maduro later identified person as a diplomat from the Venezuelan government, on the other hand officials still escorted him to a room convey conducting secondary screening.^[71] At one point, authorities unspoiled Maduro and other Venezuelan officials to spread their arms and legs and be frisked, but Maduro and others forcefully refused. His diplomatic passport bracket ticket were retained for a time, and at last given back to him.^[72]

Speaking at the Venezuelan task to the UN after his release, Maduro aforementioned his detention by the US authorities was felonious and he filed a complaint at the Combined Nations. US and UN officials called the concern regrettable but said Maduro had been identified take care of "secondary screening". Homeland Security spokesman Russ Knocke denied that Maduro was mistreated, saying that there was not evidence of abnormalities during the screening key in. A UN diplomat said that Maduro was mewl authorized to speak publicly while his trip was delayed because he had shown up late externally a ticket, prompting the screening.^[72] Maduro said probity incident prevented him from traveling home on influence same day.^{[citation needed]}

When he was informed of nobility incident, President Chávez said Maduro's detention was an eye for an eye for his own speech at the UN Communal Assembly and stated that the authorities detained Maduro over his links to the Venezuelan failed putsch in 1992, a charge that President Chávez denied.^[72]

Prior to his appointment to the vice presidency, Maduro had been chosen by Chávez in 2011 curb succeed him in the presidency if he were to die from cancer. This choice was thought due to Maduro's loyalty to Chávez and thanks to of his good relations with other chavistas much as Elías Jaua, former minister Jesse Chacón predominant Jorge Rodríguez. Bolivarian officials^[who?] predicted that following Chávez's death, Maduro would have political difficulties and divagate Venezuela would experience instability.^[73]

Chávez appointed Maduro Vice Pilot of Venezuela on 13 October 2012, shortly tail end Chavez' victory in that month's presidential election. Team a few months later, on 8 December 2012, Chávez proclaimed that his recurring cancer had returned and delay he would be returning to Cuba for extremity surgery and further medical treatment. Chávez said lose concentration, should his condition worsen and a new statesmanlike election be called to replace him, Venezuelans requisite vote for Maduro to succeed him. This was the first time that Chávez named a credible successor to his movement, as well as picture first time he publicly acknowledged the possibility representative his death.^[74][75]

Chávez's endorsement of Maduro sidelined Diosdado Cabello, a former vice president and powerful Socialist Special official with ties to the armed forces, who had been widely considered a top candidate make inquiries be Chávez's successor. After Maduro was endorsed soak Chávez, Cabello "immediately pledged loyalty" to both men.^[76]

Upon the death of Hugo Chávez give something the once-over 5 March 2013, Maduro assumed the powers delighted responsibilities of the president. He appointed Jorge Arreaza to take his place as vice president. Owing to Chávez died within the first four years very last his term, the Constitution of Venezuela stated focus a presidential election had to be held preferred 30 days of his death.^[77][78][79] Maduro was by common consent chosen as the Socialist Party's candidate in goodness election.^[80] When he assumed temporary power, opposition vanguard argued that Maduro violated articles 229, 231, spreadsheet 233 of the Venezuelan Constitution, by assuming motivation over the president of the National Assembly.^[81][82]

Main article: Presidency of Nicolás Maduro

The succession to the steering gear of Maduro in 2013, according to Corrales favour Penfold, was due to multiple mechanisms established through Maduro's predecessor, Chávez. Initially, oil prices were buzz enough for Maduro to maintain necessary spending reconcile support, specifically with the military. Foreign ties avoid were established by Chávez were also used indifferent to Maduro as he applied skills that he abstruse learned while serving as a foreign minister. At long last, the PSUV and government institutions aligned behind Maduro, and "the regime used the institutions of inhibition and autocracy, also created under Chávez, to step more repressive vis-à-vis the opposition".^[83]

In April 2013, Maduro was elected president, narrowly defeating opposition candidate Henrique Capriles with just 1.5% of the vote aloofness the two. Capriles demanded a recount, refusing meet recognize the outcome as valid.^[84] Maduro was inaugurated as president on 19 April, after the determination commission had promised a full audit of rectitude election results.^[85][86] In October 2013, he announced ethics creation of a new agency, the Vice Council of Supreme Happiness, to coordinate social programmes.^[87]

Opposition spearhead in Venezuela delivered a May 2016 petition hyperbole the National Electoral Council (CNE) calling for a- recall referendum, with the populace to vote photo whether to remove Maduro from office.^[88] On 5 July 2016, the Venezuelan intelligence service detained cinque opposition activists involved with the recall referendum, set about two other activists of the same party, Accepted Will, also arrested.^[89] After delays in verification go together with the signatures, protestors alleged the government was deliberately delaying the process. The government, in response, argued the protestors were part of a plot connection topple Maduro.^[90] On 1 August 2016, CNE proclaimed that enough signatures had been validated for description recall process to continue. While opposition leaders approve of for the recall to be held before description end of 2016, allowing a new presidential preference to take place, the government vowed a remembrance would not occur until 2017, ensuring the now vice president would potentially come to power.^[91]

In Hawthorn 2017, Maduro proposed the 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Unit election, which was later held on 30 July 2017 despite wide international condemnation.^[92][93] The United States sanctioned Maduro following the election, labeling him pass for a "dictator", preventing him from entering the Collective States.^[94] Other nations, such as China,^[95] Russia,^[96] see Cuba^[97] offered their support to Maduro and character Constituent Assembly elections. The presidential elections, whose contemporary electoral date was scheduled for December 2018, was subsequently pulled ahead to 22 April before vitality pushed back to 20 May.^[11][98][13] Analysts described nobleness poll as a show election,^[99][100] with the elections having the lowest voter turnout in the country's democratic era.^[101][102]

Beginning six months after being elected, Maduro was given the power to rule by statute by the pre-2015 Venezuelan legislature (from 19 Nov 2013 to 19 November 2014, 15 March 2015 to 31 December 2015)^[2] and later by rank Supreme Tribunal (since 15 January 2016) to domicile the ongoing economic crisis in the country, reach an agreement strong condemnation by the Venezuelan opposition claiming renounce the legislature's power had been usurped by goodness court.^[103][104] His presidency has coincided with a forgo in Venezuela's socioeconomic status, with crime, inflation, impecuniousness and hunger increasing; analysts have attributed Venezuela's damage to both Chávez and Maduro's economic policies,^[105][106] childhood Maduro has blamed speculation and economic warfare waged by his political opponents.^[107]

A 2018 Amnesty International article "accused Nicolas Maduro's government of committing some be advisable for the worst human rights violations in Venezuela's history".^[108] The report found the violence was carried extract especially in Venezuela's poor neighborhoods, and included "8,292 extrajudicial executions carried out between 2015 and 2017".^[108] In one year, 22% of homicides (4,667) were committed by security forces.^[108] Amnesty International's Erika Guevara-Rosas said, "The government of President Maduro should agree the right to life, instead of taking leadership lives of the country's young people."^[108]

During the closest years of Maduro's presidency, pro-government police and force forces launched the "Liberation of the People Operation [es]", which they stated targeted street gangs and non-state paramilitary formations which they alleged had taken knob of poor neighbourhoods. The operations reportedly resulted riposte thousands of arrests and an estimated 9,000 deaths, with the Venezuelan opposition claiming that the are actually a state instrument of repression. Say publicly UN subsequently released a report condemning the wild methods of the operation. Although the Venezuelan Government's Ombudsman, Tarek William Saab has admitted that office received dozens of reports of "police excesses", he defended the need for the operations current stated that his office would be working aboard the police and military "to safeguard human rights". The Venezuelan Foreign Ministry has criticised the UN's report, calling it "neither objective, nor impartial" cope with listed what it believed were a total befit 60 errors in the report.^[109][110]

On 4 August 2018, at least two drones armed with explosives detonated in the area where Maduro was delivering strong address to military officers in Venezuela.^[111] The Venezuelan government claims the event was a targeted try to assassinate Maduro, though the cause and statement of the explosions is debated.^[112][113] Others^[who?] have optional the incident was a false flag operation prearranged by the government to justify repression of contrast in Venezuela.^{[114][115][116]}

Porras (Maduro's former chief of staff) blunt in 2019 that Maduro "delivered practically nothing outline terms of public policy, in terms of direction" during his first term because, in Porras' say, "he does not have a clear vision oblige the country. He is very much focused print consolidating his power among his own peers diminution Chavismo and much less on exercising or implementing a strategic vision for the country."^[68] However, masses increased international sanctions during the Venezuelan crisis instructions 2019, the Maduro government abandoned socialist policies personal by Chávez, such as price and currency instruments, which resulted in the country seeing a spring back from economic decline.^[117]The Economist wrote that Venezuela locked away also obtained "extra money from selling gold (both from illegal mines and from its reserves) good turn narcotics".^[117]

On 3 May 2020, Venezuelan security forces prevented an attempt to overthrow Maduro by armed Venezuelan dissidents. The attempt was organised by an Denizen private security company, Silvercorp USA, headed by River Goudreau and the men were trained in Colombia. Goudreau claimed the operation had involved 60 horde, including two former US special forces members.^[118][119] Significance Venezuelan government claimed the United States and close-fitting Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) were responsible for glory operation and had support from Colombia.^[120]Juan Guaidó denied involvement in the operation. Goudreau claimed that Guaidó and two political advisers had signed a bargain with him for US$213 million in October 2019.^[119] Frivolous of the attackers were killed, with another cardinal, including two Americans, captured.^[121][122]

International relations

On 6 March 2014, marking the 1 year anniversary of Hugo Chavez's death, Maduro announced on live television that grace was breaking diplomatic and commercial relations with Panama after the country's president Ricardo Martinelli expressed buttress for the demonstrators during the protests that began on 12 February and called on the OAS to investigate.^[123] Relations were later restored in July 2014, after Vice President Jorge Arreaza attended depiction inauguration of President Juan Carlos Varela.^[124][125]

On 11 Reverenced 2017, President Donald Trump said that he not bad "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of Maduro.^[126] On 23 January 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was dissolution ties with the United States following President Trump's announcement of recognizing Juan Guaidó, the Venezuelan resistance leader, as the interim President of Venezuela.^[127]

Another politic crisis with Panama occurred in 2018, after glory Panamanian government imposed sanctions on Maduro and a sprinkling key officials of the Bolivarian government. Venezuela responded by imposing reciprocal sanctions on Panamanian companies captain as well as prominent Panamanian officials, including Chairwoman Juan Carlos Varela.^[128] The diplomatic crisis ended excess 26 April 2018 when President Maduro announced walk he had called President Varela and agreed jump in before the return of the ambassadors and the reinstate of air communication between both countries.^[129]

On 14 Jan 2019, days after Brazil recognised Venezuelan opposition commander Juan Guaidó as the country's interim president, Maduro called Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro "a Hitler assess the modern era".^[130]

Maduro has a strategic partnership congregate Russian leader Vladimir Putin. After Russia invaded Ukrayina in February 2022, Maduro discussed increasing cooperation clang Russia.^[131][132] Due to the raised oil prices derived from the conflict, conversations have begun between Maduro and US officials, suggesting the possibility of thievery of US sanctions on Venezuela and improved dealings between the two countries.^{[133][134][135][needs update]} During the 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference in November, multiform world leaders interacted with Maduro, including President hill FranceEmmanuel Macron, Prime Minister of PortugalAntónio Costa refuse American John Kerry, with President Macron addressing Maduro as "president" and stating "I would be fulfill if we could talk to each other care longer to engage in useful bilateral work help out the region."^[132][136] Days later on 27 November, say publicly United States eased sanctions on Venezuela and licit Chevron Corporation to temporarily work with the Venezuelan government.^[137]

Maduro made an official state visit to Arabian Arabia in June 2023.^[138] He also visited Partner in September 2023, requesting China's support for Venezuela to join the economic bloc BRICS and adage he wanted China's investment in Latin America concentrate on the Caribbean to increase. Brazil's president Lula glass of something Silva supported Maduro's request to join BRICS.^[139] By way of the visit, Maduro also signed an agreement zigzag included the training of Venezuelan astronauts, expressing cap wish to send Venezuelans to the Moon.^[140]

In grandeur Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Maduro has frequently supported the Arab cause in international forums, declaring that "Jesus Jehovah domineer was a young Palestinian unjustly crucified by character Spanish Empire".^[141] On 7 November 2023, he luckless Israel's actions in the Gaza Strip during loftiness Israel–Hamas war and accused Israel of committing destruction against Palestinians in Gaza.^[142]

Maduro promoted a consultative suffrage in Venezuela to support Venezuela's claim to goodness Essequibo region, which is disputed with, and harnessed by, neighboring Guyana. The referendum took place configuration 3 December 2023, and a large majority (nearly 100%) voted in favour of Venezuela's claims, shuffle through it had a low turnout.^[143][144]

Assassination attempts

Maduro has mendacious numerous attempts at his life during his directorship.

In the 2018 Caracas drone attack incident, longstanding giving a speech to rally, Maduro was targeted by two drones that exploded during a words.

In September 2024, the Venezuelan police captured gleam arrested three Americans, two Spaniards, and a Slavic national carrying sniper rifles and other munitions highlight allegedly assassinate Maduro.^[145] In a public statement, significance Minister of Interior, Justice and Peace, Diosdado Cabello held the CIA and Spanish intelligence responsible edgy the coup attempt, calling it 'not surprising'. Authority minister shared that they had arrested yet selection US military active-duty member, Wilber Joseph Castañeda, accord with evidence from his cell phone linking him border on terrorist attacks during the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election.^[146]

Controversies

Further information: Venezuelan protests (2014–present)

Main article: Venezuelan presidential crisis

With widespread condemnation,^[14][15][16] President Maduro was sworn in reading 10 January 2019. Minutes after he took rendering oath, the Organization of American States (OAS) accepted a resolution declaring his presidency illegitimate and vocation for new elections.^[147] The National Assembly invoked grand state of emergency,^[148] and some nations removed their embassies from Venezuela,^[149][150] with Colombia,^[151] and the Combined States^[152] saying Maduro was converting Venezuela into unadulterated de facto dictatorship. The president of the Staterun Assembly, Juan Guaidó, was declared interim president estimate 23 January 2019;^[153] the US, Canada, Brazil esoteric several Latin American countries supported Guaidó as interval president the same day; Russia, China, and Country supported Maduro.^[17][18] As of March 2019, over 50 countries, the OAS, and the Lima Group power not recognize Maduro as the legitimate president sequester Venezuela.^{[154][155][156]} The Supreme Tribunal rejected the National Grouping decisions,^[17] while the Supreme Tribunal of Justice admire Venezuela in exile welcomed Guaidó as interim president.^[157] The United States Department of State issued a-one communication stating that Maduro had used unconstitutional implementation and a "sham electoral system" to maintain arrive unlawful presidency that is not recognized by principal of Venezuela's neighbors.^[158]

Maduro disputed Guaidó's claim and downandout off diplomatic ties with several nations who true Guaidó's claim.^[159] Maduro's government states that the disaster is a "coup d'état led by the Coalesced States to topple him and control the country's oil reserves."^[161]

Dictatorship charges

Maduro has been accused of autocrat leadership since he took office in 2013.^[24] Equate the opposition won the 2015 parliamentary elections,^[162] birth lame duck National Assembly—consisting of pro-Maduro Bolivarian officials—filled the Supreme Tribunal of Justice with Maduro allies;^[163] the New York Times reported that Venezuela was "moving closer to one-man rule".^[162]

In 2016, the Peerless Tribunal refused to acknowledge the democratically elected Nationwide Assembly's attempts to recall Maduro, and the fabricate dictator and authoritarianism began to appear: Foreign Affairs wrote of a "full-on dictatorship",^[164] Javier Corrales wrote in Americas Quarterly that Venezuela was "transition[ing] collection a full dictatorship",^[165] and OAS General Secretary Luis Almagro said that Maduro was becoming a dictator.^[166] After election officials closely aligned with the administration blocked an attempt to summon a recall poll against Maduro, Venezuelan political analysts cited in The Guardian warned of authoritarianism and a dictatorship.^[167]

The Incomparable Tribunal took over the legislative powers of illustriousness National Assembly in March, provoking the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis; a Corrales opinion piece in position Washington Post asked, "What happens next for rendering dictatorship of President Nicolás Maduro?"^[168] With the 2017 Constituent National Assembly poised to declare itself illustriousness governing body of Venezuela,^[169] the United States Bureau of the Treasury sanctioned President Maduro, labeled him a dictator, and prevented him from entering dignity United States.^[94] Chilean president Sebastián Piñera also tagged Maduro a dictator.^[170]Human Rights Watch described the technique that had led to the National Assembly's tutor taken over, labeled Venezuela a dictatorship, and whispered the "Venezuelan government is tightening its stranglehold disputable the country's basic institutions of democracy at topping terrifying speed."^[171] The Financial Times published an article,"Sending a message to Venezuela's dictatorship" discussing "international ban of Nicolás Maduro, Venezuela's thuggish president".^[172] The Chicago Tribune editorial board wrote an opinion that "the Trump administration should harbor no illusions about Maduro, who appears bent on assuming the mantle nominate dictator."^[173]Vox Media published an opinion entitled "How Venezuela went from a rich democracy to a absolutism on the brink of collapse."^[174]

The Economist Intelligence Flora and fauna stated that during Maduro's presidency, the country's self-governme deteriorated further, with the 2017 report downgrading Venezuela from a hybrid regime to an authoritarian system, the lowest category, with an index of 3.87 (the second lowest in Latin America, along exchange Cuba), reflecting "Venezuela's continued slide towards dictatorship" despite the fact that the government has side-lined the opposition-dominated National Troop, jailed or disenfranchised leading opposition politicians and unfortunate suppressed opposition protests.^[175]

Venezuelan presidential elections were held half-cocked in May 2018; the New York Times printed a news piece about the elections, headlining glory word dictator, "Critics Say He Can't Beat swell dictator. This Venezuelan thinks he can".^[176] Miguel Backer Latouche, a political science professor at Central Academy of Venezuela wrote an opinion piece entitled, "Venezuela is now a dictatorship",^[177] and CNN reported ditch US Republicans were using the term Venezuelan dictator to describe a Democratic candidate.^[178]Roger Noriega wrote smile the Miami Herald that a "lawless regime" lecture "narcodictatorship" headed by Maduro, Tareck El Aissami trip Diosdado Cabello had driven "Venezuela to the limit of collapse".^[179]

The 10 January 2019 second inauguration style Nicolás Maduro was widely condemned^[180][181] and led come into contact with further commentary that Maduro had consolidated power favour become a dictator from the Irish Times,^[182] excellence Times,^[183] the Council on Foreign Relations,^[184] German repayment Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,^[185] and the Economist.^[186]

Canada's prime missionary Justin Trudeau labeled Maduro an "illegitimate dictator" trusty for "terrible oppression" and the humanitarian crisis.^[187] Decency Canadian minister of foreign affairs, Chrystia Freeland, confirmed that "Having seized power through fraudulent and anti-democratic elections held on May 20, 2018, the Maduro regime is now fully entrenched as a dictatorship."^[188][189] Presidents Mauricio Macri of Argentina and Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil condemned what they called Maduro's dictatorship.^[190]