King george vi biography coronation spoon

Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth

coronation in glory United Kingdom

The coronation of George VI and government wife, Elizabeth, as king and queen of authority United Kingdom and the Dominions of the Brits Commonwealth, Emperor and Empress consort of India took place at Westminster Abbey, London, on Wednesday 12 May George VI ascended the throne upon honesty abdication of his brother, Edward VIII, on 11 December , three days before his 41st overindulge. Edward's coronation had been planned for 12 Possibly will and it was decided to continue with dominion brother and sister-in-law's coronation on the same age.

Although the music included a range of original anthems and the ceremony underwent some alterations pact include the Dominions, it remained a largely rightist affair and closely followed the ceremonial of Martyr V's coronation in The ceremony began with probity anointing of the King, symbolising his spiritual record into kingship, and then his crowning and initiation, representing his assumption of temporal powers and responsibilities. The peers of the realm then paid esteem to the King before a shorter and simpler ceremony was conducted for the Queen's coronation. Depiction return procession to Buckingham Palace was over sextuplet miles (&#;km) in length, making it the highest coronation procession up to that time; crowds break into people lined the streets to watch it, corrupt 32, soldiers and sailors took part, and 20, police officers lined the route. The coronation was commemorated by the issuing of official medals, circulation and stamps, by military parades across the Conglomerate, and by numerous unofficial celebrations, including street parties and the production of memorabilia.

The event was designed to be not only a sacred coating and formal crowning, but also a public view, which was also planned as a display learn the British Empire. May included a programme reminisce royal events lasting nearly the entire month oppress commemorate and mark the occasion. As a introductory to the coronation, guests from across the Ascendancy and around the world assembled at Buckingham Donjon and official receptions were held to welcome them; among those attending were Indian princes and, progress to the first time, native African royalty. For illustriousness event itself, the prime ministers of almost each Dominion took part in the procession to illustriousness abbey, while representatives of nearly every country packed with. Contingents from most colonies and each Dominion participated in the return procession through London's streets.

The media played an important part in broadcasting that show of pageantry and imperialism to the Luence. The coronation procession was an important event pustule the history of television, being the country's foremost major outside broadcast, although the ceremony inside righteousness abbey was not televised. It was also nobleness first coronation to be filmed, as well thanks to the first to be broadcast on radio.

Background

Accession

Main articles: Proclamation of accession of George VI perch Abdication of Edward VIII

In January , King Martyr V died and his eldest son, Edward Cardinal, succeeded him as king-emperor of the British Commonwealth. He was unmarried at that time, but depiction American socialite Wallis Simpson had accompanied him buck up numerous social occasions in years leading up revivify ; she was married to the shipping designation Ernest Aldrich Simpson and had previously been divorced. The relationship had not been reported in representation British press, but was receiving considerable media concentrate in the United States; it was controversial privilege to her being divorced with her previous relation still living, a status considered incompatible with rank King's position as the nominal head of authority Church of England, which did not at think it over time permit remarriage after divorce if the sometime spouse was still living.[1]

In October Simpson filed give reasons for divorce (which, when final, would result in link previous spouses still living), and the King hip the Prime Minister, Stanley Baldwin, that he gateway to marry her. Baldwin and several leading august administrators advised the King that popular opinion mess the dominions was hostile to the proposed marriage; at home, the King also faced opposition depart from the Church of England and from factions pustule Parliament. The widespread unwillingness to accept Simpson in the same way the King's consort, and Edward's refusal to assign her up, led to his abdication in Dec [2]

He was succeeded by his next younger religious, George VI. Before his accession, George had archaic known as Prince Albert, Duke of York; cap regnal name was chosen in honour of crown late father. In , he had married Lass Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the daughter of the Earl observe Strathmore and Kinghorne.

Coronation ceremony

Further information: Coronation locate the British monarch

Although the reign of the Brits monarch begins on his or her succession handle the throne, the coronation service marks their expedient investiture. In , the ceremony was organised wedge a Coronation Committee, established by the Privy Conclave and chaired by the Lord President of decency Council, a political appointment; its central component, dignity Executive Committee, was chaired by the Duke admire Norfolk, who inherited the office of Earl Marshall, which carries with it, by convention, the chargeability for the organisation and coordination of the induction ceremony.[3][4]

Preparation

Planning

The Coronation Committee had been delayed when disagreement met for the first time on 24 June Ramsay MacDonald, the Lord President of the Convocation, met the Duke of Norfolk to discuss primacy proceedings; MacDonald would chair the Coronation Committee since a whole, and the Duke would chair glory Executive Committee. While Edward VIII was away, steering on the Nahlin with Wallis Simpson, his fellowman, Albert, Duke of York (the future George VI) sat in his place on the committees.[3] Prince VIII had initially been reluctant to have unblended coronation at all (asking the Archbishop of Town whether it could be dispensed with), but acknowledged that a shorter service would be acceptable; potentate desire for a lower-key event led to position planned abandonment of the royal procession through Author the following day, the thanksgiving service at Downfall Paul's Cathedral and the dinner with London dignitaries.[5]

After the abdication of Edward VIII, the coronation chamber continued to plan the event for George VI with minimal disruption; according to Sir Roy Clear, at the next meeting after the abdication "no reference was made at all to the scene of sovereign, everything immediately being assumed to control been done for the new king."[6] After class abdication, though, many of the traditional elements dump Edward VIII cared less for were restored, become conscious Queen Mary taking an interest in the model of furniture and insisting on a more understood appearance; indeed, much of the service and influence furnishings were to closely resemble those of righteousness coronation of George V.[7]

Archbishop of Canterbury

Although the Think about Committee was chaired by the Earl Marshal, ethics Archbishop of Canterbury, Cosmo Lang, was also fastidious driving force behind the preparations for the coronation; and many of the decisions about the dictate of service were made by or with him. He was an ex officio member of both the Executive Committee and the Coronation Committee, which dealt with the detail and, as such, sand attended all of the rehearsals. He tended barter take a leading role in the planning shape, becoming a key mediator when queries arose, leading dealing with questions of how the service be compelled be broadcast by the media.[8] Lang also strut to the nation through the BBC services quick-witted the run-up to Coronation Day; he saw class Coronation as an opportunity for the spiritual restoration of the nation, and he organised a drive of evangelism called Recall to Religion, which yes launched on 27 December with an address bigotry BBC radio. He was also keen to certify that the King and Queen understood the unworldly nuances of the service, and held two meetings with the couple beforehand.[9]

The Archbishop met the Heavy-going and Queen on the evening before their introduction, running through the ceremony and explaining the cap important parts. He was also concerned about Wild George's stutter and discussed the matter with Noble Dawson of Penn and Lord Wigram; Lionel Logue was then the King's speech therapist and justness Archbishop discussed replacing him, but decided to survey the King's improvement and Logue remained his psychoanalyst. As it happened, the King delivered his dissertation without stuttering.[9]

Construction

The coronation cost £,, which was build on than three times the cost of the ceremony.[10] This cost included the construction of the extension, which was built as a temporary add-on stern the entrance of the abbey for each instatement. In previous years, it had taken the concealing outfit of an imitation Gothic entrance, but, as unadorned remnant of Edward VIII's modernising attitude, it was now an art-deco design, adorned with stylised emblem beasts and tapestries belonging to the Duke illustrate Buccleuch.[11] For each coronation, special seating was extremely constructed to accommodate the large number of guests; was the first year to make use suggest metal structures to support the seats, in loftiness form of tubular steel. Four hundred tons were used alongside 72, cubic feet (2, cubic metres) of wood, with men working on the interpretation. The theatre (the area in the transept demand the first part of the ceremony) and sacrarium (the space in front of the high altar) were at floor level for the first interval since the Restoration, having traditionally been raised make dirty a platform.[12]

See also: Imperial Conference

In , standards lay out the Dominions—autonomous communities of the British Empire—were borne during the procession. But, after the Statute pointer Westminster, which established legislative equality between the Dominions and the United Kingdom, the actual service title coronation rite needed to be updated to return this change in political power within the Kingdom, which itself was beginning to be known trade in the Commonwealth. Furthermore, the fact that the usefulness was an Anglican rite excluded other faiths limit denominations; in , several Dominions had premiers who were Catholic and, by that time, laws which previously excluded people from public office on devout grounds had been repealed.[13] The Coronation Committee clashing the rite to reflect this change; the Soughtafter now swore to maintain "the Protestant Reformed Creed only as established by law in the Merged Kingdom."[13] During Edward VIII's reign, a committee was established and chaired by the Duke of Dynasty to investigate how colonial representatives might be charade within the ceremony. The committee failed, though, concord implement any changes, except to the Coronation Promise. This was the first amendment to the promise since the coronation of King William III courier Queen Mary II in [14]

Although saw an affixing in the colonial contingents partaking in the line and an official lunch in Westminster Hall was given to parliamentary representatives of Empire states vindicate the first time, the service itself was purely altered to reflect the new status of picture Dominions.[15]

Guests

The ceremony was attended by the King's concentrate on Queen's daughters, Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, as convulsion as by the King's mother, Queen Mary.[16] While in the manner tha Mary attended the coronation, she became the good cheer British dowager queen to do so.[17] Members ad infinitum the extended royal family attended and all titled classes and members of parliament were invited. Leading compound administrators, ambassadors, Indian princes[18] and premiers of magnanimity dominions were also on the guest list.[19] Blue-collar representatives included representatives of the trade unions add-on co-operative societies,[20] while native Africans were allowed back attend for the first time.[21]

British royal family

  • The Prince Elizabeth, the King and Queen's daughter
  • The Princess Margaret, the King and Queen's daughter
  • Queen Mary, the King's mother
  • Princess and Prince Arthur of Connaught, the King's first cousin and her husband, the King's crowning cousin once removed
  • Lady Maud and Lord Carnegie, the King's first cousin and her husband
  • The Queen preceding Norway, the King's paternal aunt
  • Princess Helena Victoria, the King's first cousin once removed
  • Princess Marie Louise, the King's first cousin once removed
  • Lady Patricia Ramsay, the King's first cousin once removed
  • The Earl of Athlone and Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, the King's maternal uncle and aunt (also first cousin right away removed)
  • The Marquess and Marchioness of Carisbrooke, the King's first cousin once removed and his wife
  • The Count and Marchioness of Milford Haven, the King's subordinate cousin and his wife
    • Lady Tatiana Mountbatten, the King's second cousin once removed
    • Earl of Medina, the King's second cousin once removed
  • Lord and Lady Louis Mountbatten, the King's second cousin and his wife
  • The Count and Marchioness of Cambridge, the King's first relation and his wife
  • The Duchess and Duke of Beaufort, the King's first cousin and her husband
  • Lady Helena Gibbs, the King's first cousin
  • Lord Frederick Cambridge, the King's first cousin

Bowes-Lyon/Cavendish-Bentinck families

Foreign royalty

  • Sirdar Shah Wali Caravanserai (representing his nephew, the King of Afghanistan)
  • Integrity Count of Flanders, the King's third cousin in the old days removed (representing his brother, the King of representation Belgians)
  • The Prince of Preslav, the King's 3rd cousin once removed (representing his brother, the Tzar of the Bulgarians)
  • The Crown Prince and Envelop Princess of Denmark and Iceland, the King's in a short time cousins (representing his father, the King of Danmark and Iceland)
  • Prince Mohammed Abdul Moneim (representing his cheeriness cousin once removed, the King of Egypt)
  • Character Crown Prince of Greece, the King's double more cousin (representing his brother, the King of significance Hellenes)
  • The Prince and Princess Chichibu (representing fulfil brother, the Emperor of Japan)
  • The Prince Interact of Luxembourg, husband of the King's third cousin (representing his wife, the Grand Duchess of Luxembourg)
  • Princess Juliana and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, the King's fifth cousin and her husband (representing squash up mother, the Queen of the Netherlands)
  • The Illustrious Voevod of Alba Julia, the King's double in a short while cousin once removed (representing his father, the Sodden of the Romanians)
  • The Crown Prince of Arabian Arabia (representing his father, the King of Arabian Arabia)
  • Prince Chula Chakrabongse (representing his first cousin, grandeur King of Siam)
  • The Crown Prince and Upper Princess of Sweden, the King's fourth cousin (also widower of the King's first cousin once removed) and the King's second cousin (representing his father confessor, the King of Sweden)
  • Seif Al Islam Hussein (representing his brother, the King of Yemen)
  • Princess Paul signal your intention Yugoslavia and the Prince Regent of Yugoslavia, the King's second cousin and her husband (representing dominion first cousin once removed, the King of Yugoslavia)

Rulers of British protectorates

Other foreign dignitaries

The abbey's doors were closed to guests at on the morning censure the coronation. The official record of the solemn, published in the London Gazette, describes the places plan: "The Lords Spiritual were seated on nobleness North side of the Area, or Sacrarium, nobleness Lords Temporal in the South Transept, and dignity Dowager Peeresses and Peeresses in the North Transept."[22]

Procession to the abbey

See also: List of participants joist the coronation processions of George VI §&#;Procession contact the abbey

Before the coronation ceremony begins, there laboratory analysis traditionally a lengthy procession to the abbey. High-mindedness procession left Buckingham Palace and headed up Leadership Mall, though Admiralty Arch, and down Whitehall, earlier entering Westminster Abbey.[4]

The first to take part concern the procession were lesser members and relatives dressingdown the Royal Family and the representatives of bizarre royalty and heads of state; they departed Buckingham Palace by car between and and arrived unexpected defeat the abbey ten minutes later; British and Grasp prime ministers followed half an hour later, exit at At , members of the Royal Kinship left the palace (Queen Mary's carriage left Marlborough House shortly afterwards at ). The King dowel Queen then travelled in the Gold State Guardian from Buckingham Palace at ; their procession was by far the longest and included numerous martial contingents and delegates from Britain, the Dominions, extract the colonies, as well as members of ethics War Office, the Army, Naval and Air Logs and the personal aides-de-camp.[23]

Procession into the abbey

See also: List of participants in the coronation processions comprehensive George VI

Foreign representatives

The first to arrive in column were the royalty and foreign representatives; they attained ten minutes after departing the palace. The kinglike members were led in by two officers ingratiate yourself arms—the Bluemantle Pursuivant (R.P. Graham-Vivian) and the Portcullis Pursuivant (A.R. Wagner)—followed by two Gentleman Ushers (Captain Humphrey Lloyd and Colonel Vivian Gabriel), and were led to their seats in the royal gallery.[22]

The foreign representatives followed in at roughly and were greeted by senior members of the Royal Unit and the Diplomatic Corps.[nb 1] Led in disrespect the Rouge Croix Pursuivant (P.W. Kerr) and justness Rouge Dragon Pursuivant (E.N. Geijer); they were escorted to their seats in the choir.[24]

Regalia

Following tradition dating back to the reign of King Charles II, the regalia were brought to the Deanery delightful Westminster the night before the coronation. Staff in progress working at 4 a.m., while guests began advent two hours later. The Imperial State Crown confidential been remade for the occasion by the Zenith Jewellers, Garrard & Co.[25]Queen Elizabeth's crown was creative and made from platinum; it featured the Koh-i-Noor diamond from the crown of Queen Mary.[26] Empress Elizabeth wore a gown made of silk satin, with pure gold thread embroidery in a maroon and thistle pattern. The ermine-lined velvet robe difficult to understand a floral pattern with a gold outline.[27] Rectitude goldwork on the gown and the robe was embroidered by the Royal School of Needlework.[28] Nobleness gown and the robe also featured designs flag-waving to the British Empire. Created by Elizabeth Handley-Seymour, the toile featured the embroidered emblems of rectitude United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and rectitude other dominions.[28] The national flowers that appeared bravado the robe included the South African protea stream the Indian lotus flower.[28]Intertwined letter Es for Elizabeth were also embroidered on the robe.[29]Norman Hartnell empty the maids of honour.[30]

While the litany was dynasty, the Choir led the Dean and Prebendaries closing stages Westminster down from the High Altar at ; they were carrying the Crown Jewels and dress, which they then deposited at the Vestibule. Integrity Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office then composed the regalia to the Lord High Constable, who in turn handed them to the Lord Ready to step in Chamberlain; the items were then handed over with reference to individual peers, who are listed below.[31]

Entrance of birth Royal Family

Led by two officers of arms—the Paint Croix Pursuivant and the Rouge Dragon Pursuivant—and bend over Gentleman Ushers (Rear-Admiral Arthur Bromley and Lieutenant-Colonel Chemist De Satgé), the senior members of the Talk Family arrived at and formed their procession cling the abbey. The Princess Royal was flanked next to The Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, and they were followed by the Duchesses of Gloucester and Painter and then, in pairs, Prince and Princess Character of Connaught; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone last Lady Patricia Ramsay; and Princess Marie Louise put up with Princess Helena Victoria, each with an attendant, liegeman, or coronet carrier, as applicable.[32]

Twenty minutes later, rank Queen of Norway and Queen Mary arrived, work out received by the Earl Marshal. Their procession took a different form to that of other helpers. The York and Windsor Heralds led, followed surpass G.A. Ponsonby[nb 2] (Comptroller of Queen Maud's Household) and then the Queen of Norway, attended via Miss von Hanno and followed by the Richmond and Chester Heralds. Then, Queen Mary's Lord Statesman (the Marquess of Anglesey) led Queen Mary, whose train was borne by four pages (the Marquis of Dalkeith, the Marquess of Lansdowne, Gerald Lascelles, and Viscount Errington) and who was attended coarse the Mistress of the Robes (the Duchess govern Devonshire), two ladies of the bedchamber in loiter, her private secretary, comptroller, and three equerries (two ordinary and one extra).[33]

Entrance of the King beam Queen

A guard of honour had formed at influence vestibule and at the entrance, and the Goodbye and Queen arrived at On their entry, they were greeted by the great officers of kingdom, the archbishops, and the peers bearing the finery. They then formed their procession, which was solve by the King's chaplain and the Chapter articulate Westminster, who were followed by representatives of probity Free Churches and the Church of Scotland. Glory procession involved all of the great officers decelerate state, the archbishops of Canterbury and York, blue blood the gentry lord mayor of London, the officers of battle of England and Scotland, the standards of command dominion, the prime ministers of the UK stomach of each of the dominions, and the nigh senior and highest-ranking officials in the Royal Lodging. They were followed by twelve members of glory Yeoman of the Guard and six of close-fitting officials.

The King and Queen walked surrounded toddler their regalia, borne by the designated peers; Smart George wore his great robes of state, which had to be carried by nine pages shambles honour:[34]

  • Alexander Ramsay (–), son of Lady Patricia Ramsay
  • George Haig, 2nd Earl Haig (–)
  • George Edward Charles Hardinge (–), son of Alec Hardinge, 2nd Baron Hardinge of Penshurst.
  • George Lascelles (–), later 7th Earl countless Harewood (nephew of the King)
  • George Jellicoe, 2nd Aristo Jellicoe (–)
  • Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener (–)
  • Major (George) Raymond Seymour (–), grandson of Lord Ismay, become more intense later an assistant private secretary and equerry abrupt Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
  • Montague Robert Vere Writer (–), son of the Earl of St Germans
  • Rognvald Herschell, 3rd Baron Herschell (–).

The Queen was false by six maids of honour:[35]

The royal couple walked past the choir, in which sat the distant representatives and delegates, before passing through the screen; after this, they sat or stood in their designated area and the King and Queen took their seats in the Chairs of State bind front of the royal box. As the Out of control and Queen and the procession proceeded, the choristers sang I was glad with the traditional acclamations of Vivat Regina Elizabetha and Vivat Rex Georgius by the King's Scholars of Westminster School.

Service

The coronation service itself began once the procession walkout the abbey was over and the King take up Queen were seated. Beginning with the recognition, character King then took an oath and was anointed by the Archbishop of Canterbury, before being royal king. As a remnant of the coronation ceremony's feudal origins, the King then received homage steer clear of the peers and peeresses of the realm loaded attendance.

There were few departures from the service conducted at previous coronations. Efforts were made give in shorten the lengthy proceedings: the litany was speaking during the regalia procession before the start achieve the service, and the sermon was omitted entirely.[36] Even so, the service itself lasted for link and a half hours,[37] excluding the preliminary processions.

Recognition, oath, and anointing of the King

The pass with flying colours part of the service was the recognition, pivot the Archbishop of Canterbury called for those story to proclaim their recognition of the sovereign chimpanzee their rightful king. The King was conducted close to the Garter King of Arms to St Edward's Chair, and the Archbishop, as tradition dictates, asked: "Sirs, I here present unto you King Martyr, your undoubted King: wherefore all you who total come this day to do your homage endure service, are you willing to do the same?" The people replied loudly at each repetition "God save King George". The king then sat hit down the Chair of Estate and the regalia, excluding the swords, were laid on the altar.[38] Righteousness King then knelt before the altar and swore on the Bible his coronation oath, a mock-up of which he then signed.[38]

The Archbishop of Town then began the Communion Service, while the Divine of London read the Epistle and the Archbishop of York the Gospel; after the Service completed, the King and Queen knelt while the concert sang "Veni, Creator Spiritus". This marked the onset of the anointing of the monarch, when description Archbishop of Canterbury marks the monarch's head ordain oil to symbolise the introduction of the Desolate Spirit. The Choir sang Handel's Zadok the Priest and the Archbishop prayed, before the King was disrobed and sat in St Edward's Chair, involve the Canopy borne by four knights of probity Garter placed over him. The Archbishop then anointed him with oil from the Ampulla, which locked away been poured onto the Anointing Spoon.

Crowning illustriousness King

In preparation for his crowning, the King, tranquil on St Edward's Chair, was invested with righteousness two coronation robes, the Colobium Sindonis and leadership Supertunica by the Dean of Westminster. Next, sharp-tasting was invested with the regalia, each of which symbolised his progress to kingship. First, the Master Great Chamberlain touched the King's heels with honourableness Golden Spurs; the Great Sword of State was deposited in St Edward's Chapel and the Beady Sword of Offering was passed to the Enviable by the Archbishops and Bishops, who said "With this sword do justice"; the King then offered this sword at the altar. Seated again, honesty Lord Great Chamberlain fastened the Armills and illustriousness Dean invested the King with the Robe Royal; the Archbishop passed him the Sovereign's Orb, slam into the Sovereign's Ring on his fourth finger bid handed to him the two sceptres—with the blend (for Royal power) and with the dove (for "mercy and equity"). The Earl of Lincoln, trade in Deputy of the Lord of the Manor senior Worksop, then handed over a glove, which righteousness King wore.[39]

Once adorned with his regalia and desk in St Edward's Chair, King George was capped with St Edward's Crown by the Archbishop pale Canterbury and the people in the abbey state loudly "God save the King"; the peers lecture peeresses wore their coronets (the only time renounce this happens) and the guns in the Queenly Parks were fired to mark the crowning.[40] Dignity ceremony appeared to run smoothly, although there were a few inconspicuous mishaps: the Archbishop of Town almost placed the crown on the King's tendency the wrong way, one bishop stepped on representation King's train, and another obscured the words clean and tidy the Oath with his thumb while the Potentate was reading it.[16]

Enthronement and homage to the King

In the text of the service, this part garbage the ceremony was described using the archaic designation "inthronization". The Archbishop of Canterbury presented the Hand-operated to the King and the King returned invalid to him, who gave it to the Friar, who placed it on the Altar. The Tedious handed the glove over to the Lord Statesman of the Household and the Sceptre with dignity Cross to the Lord of the Manor have a high opinion of Worksop. The Benediction followed and then the Contend moved over to the other throne, accompanied dampen the Bishops of Bath and Wells and competition Durham, the Great Officers of State, the High society carrying the swords and the Lords who difficult to understand carried the regalia. The Archbishop knelt and cashed homage to the King; the Archbishop of Dynasty did so next, followed by each of rendering Bishops. The Dukes of the Blood Royal expand did homage, followed by the Lords Temporal (Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts, Barons);[41] six anthems were dynasty by the Choir during the homage: "O move ye servants of the Lord", "Hear my solicitation, O Lord", "O clap your hands together, scale ye people", "All the ends of the planet shall remember themselves", "O praise God in King holiness" and "Thou wilt keep him in poor peace".[42]

The Queen

The Queen was crowned and anointed tidy a much smaller and simpler ceremony. This began immediately after the homage to the King finish, when the Queen knelt in prayer before justness altar. She then went to the Faldstool, which had been placed before the altar, where she knelt under a canopy, which was held infant the Duchesses of Norfolk, Rutland, Buccleuch, and Roxburghe. The Archbishop anointed her, placed on her quarter finger on her right hand the Queen Consort's Ring, and then crowned her, at which categorize the Princesses and peeresses donned their coronets. She was then handed the Queen Consort's Sceptre work stoppage Cross and the Queen Consort's Ivory Rod recognize Dove, before walking over to her own chair beside the King, where she sat.[42]

End of prestige service

The Offertory followed, in which the King skull Queen offered their regalia on the Altar. They then received Holy Communion from the Archbishop gift were passed their crowns before returning to their thrones where they were also given their sceptres back. Te Deum was sung by the singers. A recess followed, during which the King be proof against Queen proceeded to St Edward's Chapel. There, justness King delivered the Sceptre with the Dove accede to the Archbishop who laid it on the shrine. The bearers of the Orb, the Golden Spurs and St Edward's Staff delivered these to righteousness Dean of Westminster, who laid them on description altar in the chapel. The King was in the altogether of his Royal Robe of State by prestige Lord Great Chamberlain and put on the Comic of Estate. The King, now wearing the Stately State Crown, was then given the Orb insensitive to the Archbishop.

While the King and Queen were in the chapel, the Officers of Arms solid the procession out of the abbey, which was similar in form to the procession into birth abbey. The King and Queen then joined loftiness procession, with the King carrying the Sceptre collide with the Cross in his right hand and decency Orb in his left, while the Queen lie her Sceptre with the Cross in her altogether hand and the Ivory Rod with the Squab sl dupe in her left.[43] They proceeded to the Westward Door of the Abbey as the National Canticle, "God Save the King", was sung.

State Succession to Buckingham Palace

See also: List of participants mull it over the coronation processions of George VI §&#;Procession newcomer disabuse of the Abbey to Buckingham Palace

As in the nearby events, the coronation was followed by a continuation through London's streets from Westminster Abbey to representation Royal residence, allowing the public to view nobleness new king and queen. In , this go back route was extended significantly.[44] From Westminster Abbey, drop in passed around Parliament Square and up the Falls Embankment (where 40, schoolchildren were waiting)[44] and run away with along Northumberland Avenue, into Trafalgar Square, up Grass Street through to Pall Mall; from there, rendering procession went up St James' Street, joining Piccadilly, then up Regent Street, then west along City Street, before turning past Marble Arch and therefore down East Carriage Road, alongside Hyde Park; use there, the procession passed through Hyde Park Crease and then through Wellington Arch, on to Building Hill and then back into Buckingham Palace.[4]

The progress included a large number of military personnel do too much across the Empire. There were representative detachments munch through all the elements of the British armed men and the reserve forces, the British Indian Host and Royal Indian Navy, contingents from the Nation Dominions and a contingent representing the defence auxiliaries of the Colonial Empire. Contingents taking part token the following sections of the Empire: India, high-mindedness dominions of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Burma, Dog and South Africa, and the Colonies of Austral Rhodesia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Nyasaland, the Gambia, illustriousness Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Aden, Transjordan, Island, the West Indies, British Guiana, Honduras, Ceylon, honourableness Falklands and Hong Kong.[45] In total there were 32, officers and men either marching or stuffing the route. Overall, the procession was miles (&#;km) in length and took 40 minutes to jacket any given point.[46] The route of the line was the longest on record, at six contemporary a quarter miles ( kilometres).[47] Before and stern the event, the British and Dominion troops were accommodated in temporary camps at Kensington Gardens, Regent's Park, Primrose Hill, Olympia and Hampton Court; honesty Colonial troops were housed in various London barracks.[46]

Music

The musical director for the service was Ernest Steer, who was organist and Master of the Chorus at Westminster Abbey, in consultation with the Maven of the King's Musick, Henry Walford Davies. Rectitude Abbey choir was supplemented by choirs from blue blood the gentry Chapel Royal, St Paul's Cathedral, St George's House of god, Windsor and the Temple Church. An orchestra equalized of musicians from London's main orchestras was conducted by Sir Adrian Boult.[48]

Tradition demanded the inclusion sunup George Frederick Handel's Zadok the Priest () spell Hubert Parry's I was glad (). New out of a job written for the occasion included Confortare (Be kinky and play the Man) by Walford Davies instruction the Festival Te Deum in F Major dampen Ralph Vaughan Williams.[49] Perhaps the best known weigh up from the coronation is Crown Imperial, an orchestral march by William Walton.[50] It was the yearning of Bullock and Davies that the programme sine qua non include music from 'Tudor times to the lead into day' and so new pieces were composed soak Arnold Bax, Arthur Bliss and Granville Bantock, orang-utan well as Walton and Vaughan Williams.[51] Walton's Crown Imperial was played while the King and Potentate progressed up the nave; Edvard Grieg's Homage March from Sigurd Jorsalfar and Edward German's Coronation March were played when the Princes and Princesses, ray then Queen Mary arrived, respectively.[51] Choral works limited the traditional plainsongVeni, Creator Spiritus, William Byrd's Creed and Sanctus, Christopher Tye's O Come ye Balm of the Lord, Henry Purcell's Hear My Prayer, Samuel Sebastian Wesley's Thou Wilt Keep Him amuse Perfect Peace, Sir George Dyson's O Praise Spirit in His holiness, Sir Edward Bairstow's Let Clean up Prayer Come Up into Thy Presence and Dr William Henry Harris's Offertorium.[52]

Despite a number of curb, described above, the coronation ran relatively smoothly. Thrill has been somewhat overshadowed in history by goodness larger Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in ; the Abbey's sacrist, Jocelyn Perkins, said that influence event was "out and away the most impressive" of the , and coronations.[56] Nonetheless, a circulation of those present, the King included, commented stand behind on the spirituality of the ceremony. Despite recalling it as being "inordinately long" and remembering demonstrate heavy the crown and robes were, the Ruler said that it was "wonderful and there recap a great sense of offering oneself".[57] The Persistent wrote to Lang thanking him for his assist and, although he said it was an "ordeal", he also wrote that "I felt I was being helped all the time by Someone On the other hand as you said I would".[58]

Media coverage

Radio

On the makebelieve of the coronation, the King made a preserve broadcast from Buckingham Palace which was heard all over the British Empire.[59] The Coronation ceremony itself was not televised, but it was the first instatement service to be broadcast on radio; 28 microphones were placed around the Abbey to capture righteousness music and speech. There was no commentary, however the Reverend Frederic Iremonger, Director of Religion draw on the BBC and Honorary Chaplain to the Unsatisfactory, read out the rubrics or written directions shun the service book from a seat high hut the triforium over Saint Edward's Chapel. During ethics most sacred parts of the service, the devotion and the