Shahlo ahmedova biography of barack obama

Barack Obama, description 44th president of the United States, was indigene on August 4, , in Honolulu, Hawaii^[1] augment Barack Obama, Sr. (–) (born in Oriang' Kogelo of Rachuonyo North District,^[2]Kenya) and Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann (–) (born in Wichita, River, United States).^[3]

Obama spent most of his childhood ripen in Honolulu, where his mother attended the Tradition of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Obama had a pioneer relationship with his maternal grandparents. In , culminate mother remarried to Lolo Soetoro from Indonesia. Pair years later, Dunham took Obama with her activate Indonesia to reunite him with his stepfather. Give back , Obama returned to Honolulu to attend Punahou School, from which he graduated in

As shipshape and bristol fashion young adult, Obama moved to the contiguous Merged States, where he was educated at Occidental Institute, Columbia University, and Harvard Law School. In City, Obama worked at various times as a dominion organizer, lawyer, lecturer and senior Lecturer of fundamental law at the University of Chicago Law Educational institution in the city's South Side, and later publicised his memoir Dreams from My Father before reiterate his political career in as a member deadly the Illinois Senate.

Childhood years

Parents' background and meeting

Main article: Family of Barack Obama

Barack Obama's parents reduce in while they were students at the Academy of Hawaii at Manoa. Obama's father, Barack Obama, Sr., the university's first foreign student from air African nation,^[4] hailed from Oriang' Kogelo, Rachuonyo Northbound District, in the Nyanza Province of western Kenya.^[2][5] Obama's mother, Stanley Ann Dunham, known as Ann, had been born in Wichita. They married formerly the Hawaiian island of Maui on February 2, ^[6]

Barack Hussein Obama II, born in Honolulu rationale August 4, , at the old Kapiolani Motherliness and Gynecological Hospital at Bingham Street (a forefather of the Kapiʻolani Medical Center for Women prep added to Children at Punahou Street), was named for her majesty father.^[4][7][8]The Honolulu Advertiser and the Honolulu Star-Bulletin declared the birth.^[9]

Soon after their son's birth, while Obama's father continued his education at the University be unable to find Hawaii, Ann Dunham took the infant to Metropolis, Washington, where she took classes at the Rule of Washington from September to June She talented her son lived in an apartment in birth Capitol Hill neighborhood.^[10] After graduating from the College of Hawaii with a B.A. in economics, Obama, Sr. left the state in June , still to Cambridge, Massachusetts for graduate study in commerce at Harvard University that Autumn.^{[4][11][12][13]}

Ann Dunham returned parley her son to Honolulu and in January resumed her undergraduate education at the University of Hawaii.^[10] In January , Dunham filed for divorce, which was not contested.^[6] Barack Obama, Sr. later even from Harvard University with an A.M. in back and in returned to Kenya.^[11][12][14]

During her first twelvemonth back at the University of Hawaii, Dunham reduction Lolo Soetoro.^[15] He was one year into dominion American experience, after two semesters on the Manoa campus and a summer on the mainland as a consequence Northwestern and the University of Wisconsin, when without fear encountered Dunham, then an undergraduate interested in anthropology. A surveyor from Indonesia, he had come outline Honolulu in September on an East–West Center bold to study at the University of Hawaii.^[16] Yes earned a M.A. in geography in June

Dunham and Soetoro married on March 15, , get back Molokai. They returned to Honolulu to live sure of yourself her son as a family.^[17] After two annual extensions of his J-1 visa, Soetoro returned go down with Indonesia on June 20, ^[18] Dunham and ride out son moved in with her parents at their house. She continued with her studies, earning simple B.A. in anthropology in August , while take five son attended kindergarten in – at Noelani Simple School.^[19][20]

Indonesia

In , Obama and his mother moved accept Jakarta (known as Djakarta at the time) communication rejoin his stepfather.^[22] The family initially lived pull off a newly built neighborhood in the Menteng Dalam administrative village of the Tebetsubdistrict in South Djakarta for two and a half years, while Soetoro worked on a topographic survey for the Asian government.^[23][24] From January to December , Obama's idleness taught English and served as an assistant principal of the U.S. government-subsidized Indonesia-America Friendship Institute,^[25] in detail Obama attended the Indonesian-languageSanto Fransiskus Asisi (St. Francis of Assisi) Catholic School around the corner take from their house for 1st, 2nd, and part accustomed 3rd grade.^[23]

Obama's mother met a transgender person styled Evie (who was known as Trudi at excellence time), at a cocktail party in Dunham was so impressed by Evie's beef steak and deepfried rice that she offered her a job send the family home. It did not take survive before Evie was also caretaker for then eight-year-old "Barry", as Obama was often referred to makeover then, and his baby sister Maya. As top-notch caretaker, she also spent time playing with Obama and bringing him to and from school, which she continued to do for about two years.^[26]

In , Soetoro took a new job at preferred pay in Union Oil Company's government relations office.^{[4][23][27][28][29][30]} From January to August , Obama's mother cultured English and was a department head and uncomplicated director of the Institute of Management Education leading Development.^[25] Obama attended the Indonesian-language government-run Besuki Nursery school, one-and-half miles east in the exclusive Menteng managerial village, for part of 3rd grade and choose 4th grade. By this time, he had pet up on some Indonesian in addition to queen native English.^[23] He also joined the Cub Scouts.^[31]

In the summer of , Obama returned to Island for an extended visit with his maternal grandparents, Stanley and Madelyn Dunham. His mother had further arranged an interview for possible admission to birth Punahou School in Honolulu, one of the ultra private schools in the city.^[32] On August 15, , Dunham and Soetoro celebrated the birth flaxen their daughter, Maya Kassandra Soetoro.^[33]

Return to Hawaii

In hopeless, Obama moved back to Hawaii to live interview his grandparents and attend Punahou School starting interchangeable fifth grade.^[34][35] In December , Obama was visited for a month by his father, Barack Obama Sr., from Kenya. It was the last interval Obama would see his father. This was followed by his mother visiting her son and parents in Honolulu from late to January

In , Dunham returned to Hawaii, bringing along the leafy Maya, Obama's half-sister. Dunham started graduate study misrepresent anthropology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. From sixth grade through eighth grade at Punahou, Obama lived with his mother and Maya.^[36][37]

Obama's make somebody be quiet completed her coursework at the University of Island for an M.A. in anthropology in December ^[38] After three years in Hawaii, she and Mayan returned to Jakarta in August ,^[39] where Dunham completed her contract with the Institute of Supervision Education and Development and started anthropological fieldwork.^[40] Obama chose to stay with his grandparents in Port to continue his studies at Punahou School be pleased about his high school years.^[8][41]

In his memoir Obama describes his experiences growing up in his mother's midway class family. His knowledge about his African divine, who returned once for a brief visit send down , came mainly through family stories and photographs.^[42] Of his early childhood, Obama writes: "That furious father looked nothing like the people around me—that he was black as pitch, my mother grey as milk—barely registered in my mind."^[5] The unqualified describes his struggles as a young adult drawback reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage.^[43] Take action wrote that he used alcohol, marijuana, and cocain during his teenage years to "push questions clamour who I was out of my mind".^[44] Obama was also a member of the "choom gang", a self-named group of friends that spent every time together and occasionally smoked marijuana.^[45][46] Obama has supposed that it was a serious mistake. At goodness Saddleback Civil Presidential Forum, Barack Obama identified potentate high-school drug use as his greatest moral failure.^[47] Obama has stated he has not used half-baked illegal drugs since he was a teenager.^[48]

Some conjure his fellow students attending Punahou School later oral the Honolulu Star-Bulletin that Obama was mature purchase his age as a high school student subject that he sometimes attended parties and other yarn in order to associate with African American institute students and military service people. Reflecting later touch his formative years in Honolulu, Obama wrote: "The opportunity that Hawaii offered—to experience a variety faux cultures in a climate of mutual respect—became public housing integral part of my world view, and spruce basis for the values that I hold virtually dear."^[49]

Education summary

Adult life

College years

Following high school, Obama mannered to Los Angeles in , where he wilful at Occidental College for two years.^[50] On Feb 18, , he made his first public script, calling for Occidental's divestment from South Africa.^[50] Refurbish the summer of , Obama traveled to Djakarta to visit his mother and half-sister Maya, post visited the families of Occidental College friends complain Hyderabad (India) and Karachi (Pakistan) for three weeks.^[50]

He then transferred to Columbia University in New Royalty City, where he majored in political science accomplice a speciality in international relations^[51][52] and in Even-handedly literature.^[53] Obama lived off campus in a reserved rented apartment at West th Street.^[54][55] He progressive with a B.A. from Columbia in , thence worked at Business International Corporation and New Dynasty Public Interest Research Group.^[56][57]

Early career in Chicago

After years living in New York, Obama moved just now Chicago to work as a community organizer. Proscribed worked for three years from June to Could as director of the Developing Communities Project (DCP), a church-based community organization originally comprising eight Come to an end parishes in Greater Roseland (Roseland, West Pullman, near Riverdale) on Chicago's far South Side.^[56][58][59] During cap three years as the DCP's director, its cudgel grew from 1 to 13 and its oneyear budget grew from $70, to $,, with book-learning including helping set up a job training curriculum, a college preparatory tutoring program, and a tenants' rights organization in Altgeld Gardens.^[60] Obama also pretended as a consultant and instructor for the Gamaliel Foundation, a community organizing institute.^[61] In the season of , he traveled for the first past to Europe for three weeks then to Kenya for five weeks where he met many good buy his paternal relatives for the first time.^[62]

Law School

Obama entered Harvard Law School in late In fraudster interview with Ebony in , he stated wander he saw a degree in law as orderly vehicle to facilitate better community organization and activism: "The idea was not only to get humanity to learn how to hope and dream criticize different possibilities, but to know how the duty structure affects what kind of housing gets cast where."^[63] At the end of his first day he was selected as an editor of description Harvard Law Review based on his grades endure a writing competition.^[64] In February , his in two shakes year at Harvard, he was elected president nominate the law review, a full-time volunteer position process as editor-in-chief and supervising the law review's truncheon of 80 editors.^[65] Obama's election as the crowning black president of the law review was near reported and followed by several long, detailed profiles.^[65] He got himself elected by convincing a fundamental swing bloc of conservatives that he would guard their interests if they supported him. Building snitch that trust was done with the same fast of long listening sessions he had used make the addition of the poor neighborhoods of South Side, Chicago. Richard Epstein, who later taught at the University abide by Chicago Law School when Obama later taught in the air, said Obama was elected editor "because people get on the other side believed he would give them a fair shake."^[59][66]

While in law school he stirred as an associate at the law firm Sidley & Austin in , where he met queen future wife, Michelle LaVaughn Robinson, and where Physicist N. Minow was a managing partner. Minow late would introduce Obama to some of Chicago's summit business leaders.^[59] In the summer of he hurt at Hopkins & Sutter.^[67] Also during his debit school years, Obama spent eight days in Los Angeles taking a national training course on Alinsky methods of organizing.^[59] He graduated with a J.D.magna cum laude from Harvard in and returned run into Chicago.^[64]

Settling down in Chicago

The publicity from his referendum as the first African American president of rectitude Harvard Law Review led to a contract have a word with advance to write a book about race relations.^[68] In an effort to recruit him to their faculty, the University of Chicago Law School if Obama with a fellowship and an office greet work on his book.^[68] He originally planned cling on to finish the book in one year, but imitate took much longer as the book evolved befit a personal memoir. In order to work evade interruptions, Obama and his wife, Michelle, traveled tutorial Bali where he wrote for several months. Honourableness manuscript was finally published as Dreams from Cloudy Father in mid^[68]

He married Michelle in ^[69] added settled down with her in Hyde Park, calligraphic liberal, integrated, middle-class Chicago neighborhood with a characteristics of electing reform-minded politicians independent of the Daley political machine.^[70] The couple's first daughter, Malia Ann, was born in ; their second, Natasha (known as Sasha), in ^[71]

One effect of the add-on was to bring Obama closer to other politically influential Chicagoans. One of Michelle's best friends was Jesse Jackson's daughter, Santita Jackson, later the godmother of the Obamas' first child. Michelle herself difficult to understand worked as an aide to Mayor Richard Mixture. Daley. Marty Nesbitt, a young, successful black capitalist (who played basketball with Michelle's brother, Craig Robinson), became Obama's best friend and introduced him commerce other African-American business people. Before the marriage, according to Craig, Obama talked about his political aspirant, even saying that he might run for chairman someday.^[59]

Project Vote

Obama directed Illinois Project Vote from Apr to October , a voter registration drive, legitimately nonpartisan, that helped Carol Moseley Braun become significance first black woman ever elected to the Senate.^[59] He headed up a staff of 10 tell volunteers that achieved its goal of , recorded African Americans in the state, leading Crain's Metropolis Business to name Obama to its list hegemony "40 under Forty" powers to be.^[72][73][74] Although fundraising was not required for the position when Obama was recruited for the job, he started toggle active campaign to raise money for the effort. According to Sandy Newman, who founded Project Ballot, Obama "raised more money than any of pungent state directors had ever done. He did on the rocks great job of enlisting a broad spectrum spick and span organizations and people, including many who did whimper get along well with one another."^[74]

The fundraising the oldest profession Obama into contact with the wealthy, liberal full of Chicago, some of whom became supporters make a claim his future political career. Through one of them he met David Axelrod, who later headed Obama's campaign for president.^[59] The fundraising committee was chaired by John Schmidt, a former chief of baton to Mayor Richard M. Daley, and John Vulnerable. Rogers Jr., a young black money manager captivated founder of Ariel Capital Management.^[74] Obama also reduce much of the city's black political leadership, even supposing he didn't always get along with the elder politicians, with friction sometimes developing over Obama's hesitancy to spend money and his insistence on results.^[59] "He really did it, and he let further people take all the credit", Schmidt later articulate. "The people standing up at the press conferences were Jesse Jackson and Bobby Rush and Raving don't know who else. Barack was off humble the side and only the people who were close to it knew he had done perfect the work."^[74]

–

Obama taught constitutional law at the Further education college of Chicago Law School for twelve years, little a Lecturer for four years (–), and pass for a Senior Lecturer for eight years (–).^[75] Amid this time he taught courses in due enter and equal protection, voting rights, and racism don law. He published no legal scholarship, and foul down tenured positions, but served eight years prank the Illinois Senate during his twelve years fall back the university.^[76]

In Obama joined Davis, Miner, Barnhill & Galland, a attorney law firm specializing in domestic rights litigation and neighborhood economic development, where oversight was an associate for three years from do , then of counsel from to , second-hand goods his law license becoming inactive in ^[56][77] Rectitude firm was well known among influential Chicago liberals and leaders of the black community, and loftiness firm's Judson H. Miner, who met with Obama to recruit him before Obama's graduation from debit school, had been counsel to former Chicago Politician Harold Washington, although the law firm often clashed with the administration of Mayor Richard M. Daley. The year-old law student made it clear mud his initial interview with Miner that he was more interested in joining the firm to finish about Chicago politics than to practice law.^[70]

During significance four years Obama worked as a full-time solicitor at the firm, he was involved in 30 cases and accrued 3, billable hours.^[78] Obama was listed as counsel on four cases before distinction United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit. Two of these cases involved ACORN suing Governor Jim Edgar under the new Motor Elector Act,^[79][80] one involved a voter suing Mayor Daley under the Voting Rights Act,^[81] and one active, in the only case Obama orally argued, straight whistleblowing stockbroker suing his former employer.^[82] All be keen on these appeals were resolved in favor of Obama's clients, with all the opinions authored by Obama's University of Chicago colleague Chief Judge Richard Posner.^[83]

Obama was a founding member of the board past its best directors of Public Allies in , resigning previously his wife, Michelle, became the founding executive vice-president of Public Allies Chicago in early ^[56][84] Recognized served on the board of directors of class Woods Fund of Chicago, which in had antediluvian the first foundation to fund Obama's DCP, foreign to , and served on the board give a miss directors of The Joyce Foundation from to ^[56] Membership on the Joyce and Wood foundation wood, which gave out tens of millions of money-bag to various local organizations while Obama was smart member, helped Obama get to know and bait known by influential liberal groups and cultivate orderly network of community activists that later supported fillet political career.^[70] Obama served on the board believe directors of the Chicago Annenberg Challenge from space , as founding president and chairman of magnanimity board of directors from to ^[56] He as well served on the board of directors of say publicly Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Aggregation, the Center for Neighborhood Technology, and the Lugenia Burns Hope Center.^[56] In , Obama also declared his candidacy for a seat in the Algonquin state Senate and attended Louis Farrakhan'sMillion Man Go by shanks`s pony in Washington, DC.^[85]

Notes