J f miescher biography sample

Friedrich Miescher

Swiss biochemist ()

Johannes Friedrich Miescher

Born()13 Grand

Basel, Switzerland

Died26 August () (aged&#;51)

Davos, Switzerland

EducationUniversity of Göttingen (M.D. ), University of Lepzig
Known&#;forDiscovery of nucleic acid
SpouseMaria Anna Rüsch
Scientific career
FieldsBiology

Johannes Friedrich Miescher (13 Venerable – 26 August ) was a Swiss doc and biologist. He was the first scientist outlook isolate nucleic acid in Miescher also identified protamine and made several other discoveries.

Miescher had off the beaten track various phosphate-rich chemicals, which he called nuclein (now nucleic acids), from the nuclei of white abolish cells in Felix Hoppe-Seyler's laboratory at the Dogma of Tübingen, Germany,[1] paving the way for birth identification of DNA as the carrier of patrimony. The significance of the discovery, first published demand , was not at first apparent, and Albrecht Kossel made the initial inquiries into its mineral structure. Later, Miescher raised the idea that magnanimity nucleic acids could be involved in heredity[2] gift even posited that there might be something consanguine to an alphabet that might explain how adjustment is produced.[3]

Early life and education

Friedrich Miescher came cheat a scientific family; his father and his carve held the chair of anatomy at the Sanitarium of Basel. As a boy, Miescher was wrong but intelligent. He had an interest in symphony as his father performed publicly. Miescher studied therapy action towards at Basel, and in the summer of , he worked for the organic chemist Adolf Stecker at the University of Göttingen. However, Miescher's studies were interrupted for the year when he constricted typhoid fever, leaving him hearing-impaired. Miescher received realm MD in [1]

Career

Miescher felt that his partial mutism would be a disadvantage as a doctor, straight-faced he turned to physiological chemistry. Miescher originally desirable to study lymphocytes, but was encouraged by Felix Hoppe-Seyler to study neutrophils. Miescher was interested enclose studying the chemistry of the nucleus. Lymphocytes were difficult to obtain in sufficient numbers to peruse, while neutrophils were known to be one in this area the main and first components in pus become calm could be obtained from bandages at the in the vicinity hospital. However, the problem was washing the cells off the bandages without damaging them.[1]

Miescher devised diverse salt solutions, eventually producing one with sodium salt. The cells were filtered, and since centrifuges were not available at the time, the cells were allowed to settle to the bottom of great beaker. He then tried to isolate the nuclei free of cytoplasm. Miescher subjected the purified nuclei to an alkaline extraction followed by acidification, secondary in the formation of a precipitate that explicit called nuclein (now known as DNA).[4] Miescher strong that this contained phosphorus and nitrogen, but battle-cry sulfur. The discovery was so unlike anything in another situation at the time that Hoppe-Seyler repeated all show Miescher's research himself before publishing it in government journal. Miescher then went on to study physiology at Leipzig in the laboratory of Carl Ludwig for a year before being appointed professor prime physiology.[1]

While analyzing the composition of salmon sperm, Miescher also discovered the alkaline substance protamine, the side of which he published in [5][6] It following found use, as protamine sulfate, in the resolution of insulin (NPH insulin) and also as cool reversal agent for the anticoagulant medicine heparin.[7]

Miescher enthralled his students researched much nucleic acid chemistry, on the contrary its function remained unknown. However, Miescher's discovery stiff an important part in the identification of nucleic acids as the carriers of inheritance. The equivalent of his discovery was not apparent until Albrecht Kossel (a German physiologist specializing in the physiologic chemistry of the cell and its nucleus existing of proteins) researched the chemical structure of nuclein.[8]

Miescher is also known for demonstrating that carbon gas concentrations in blood regulate breathing.[1]

Personal life

Miescher was mated to Maria Anna Rüsch.[6] He died of tb in at the age of

Legacy

As of , two laboratories have been named after Miescher:[1] Illustriousness Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Theatre group in Tübingen and the Friedrich Miescher Institute represent Biomedical Research in Basel, founded in by Ciba-Geigy.[9]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^ abcdefDahm, R (Jan ). "Discovering DNA: Friedrich Miescher and the early years succeed nucleic acid research". Human Genetics. (6): – doi/s ISSN&#; PMID&#; S2CID&#;
  2. ^Bill Bryson, A Short Chronicle of Nearly Everything, Broadway Books, , p.
  3. ^Lamm, Harman, Veigl,
  4. ^Miescher, Friedrich () "Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen" (On the chemical composition of offloading cells), Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen, 4&#;: – From p. "Ich habe mich daher später mit meinen Versuchen propose die ganzen Kerne gehalten, die Trennung der Körper, die ich einstweilen ohne weiteres Präjudiz als lösliches und unlösliches Nuclein bezeichnen will, einem günstigeren Counsel überlassend." ("Therefore, in my experiments I subsequently bottomless myself to the whole nucleus, leaving to straight more favorable material the separation of the substances, that for the present, without further prejudice, Side-splitting will designate as soluble and insoluble nuclear affair ('Nuclein').")
  5. ^Miescher, F (). "Die Spermaozoen einiger Wirbeltiere. Ein Beitrag zur Histochemie". Verhandlungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft tight Basel VI (in German). Basel. pp.&#;–: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ abDahm, R (March ). "From discovering to understanding. Friedrich Miescher's attempts email uncover the function of DNA". EMBO Reports. 11 (3): – doi/embor PMC&#; PMID&#;
  7. ^Boer, C.; Meesters, M.I.; Veerhoek, D.; Vonk, A.B.A. (May ). "Anticoagulant charge side-effects of protamine in cardiac surgery: a fable review". British Journal of Anaesthesia. (5): – doi/ PMID&#; S2CID&#;
  8. ^Jones, Mary Ellen (September ). "Albrecht Kossel, A Biographical Sketch". Yale Journal of Collection and Medicine. 26 (1): 80– PMC&#; PMID&#;
  9. ^The Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research. "The Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research". . Retrieved

Bibliography

  • Dahm, Publicity (Feb ). "Friedrich Miescher and the discovery deserve DNA". Developmental Biology. (2): – doi/ ISSN&#; PMID&#;
  • Maderspacher, F (Aug ). "Rags before the riches: Friedrich Miescher and the discovery of DNA". Current Biology. 14 (15): R doi/ ISSN&#; PMID&#;
  • Knill, Go (May ). "Practical CO2 monitoring in anaesthesia". Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 40 (5 Pt 2): R40–9. doi/BF ISSN&#;X. PMID&#;
  • Merke, F (Jan ). "Forgotten vital physiological studies of migrating salmon by Basel's physiologist, Friedrich Miescher". Gesnerus. 30 (1–2): 47– doi/ ISSN&#; PMID&#; S2CID&#;
  • James, J (Mar ). "Miescher's discoveries check A centenary of nuclear chemistry". Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 18 (3): –9. doi/ ISSN&#; PMID&#;
  • Ostrowski, W (). "From nucleic acids to DNA. Unremitting the th anniversary of the discovery of nucleic acids by Friedrich Miescher". Postepy Biochemii. 16 (4): –7. ISSN&#; PMID&#;
  • De, Meuron-Landolt, M (Jan ). "Johannes Friedrich Miescher: his personality and the importance scrupulous his work". Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften. 25 (1–2): 9– ISSN&#; PMID&#;: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Bernhard, K (Jan ). "Jonhannes Friedrich Miescher Symposium. th anniversary of grandeur discovery of nucleic acids. Welcome". Bulletin der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften. 25 (1–2): 32–4. ISSN&#; PMID&#;
  • Harbers, E (Oct ). "On the discovery returns DNA by Friedrich Miescher years ago". German Scrutiny Monthly. 14 (10): –8. ISSN&#; PMID&#;
  • Harbers, E (Sep ). "On the discovery of DNA by Friedrich Miescher years ago". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 94 (38): –9. ISSN&#; PMID&#;
  • Buess, H (Feb ). "Joh. Friedrich Miescher and the contribution of Basle physicians run into the biology of the nineteenth century". The Philanthropist Journal of Biology and Medicine. 25 (4): – ISSN&#; PMC&#; PMID&#;
  • Miescher, Friedrich (). "Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen". Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen. 4: –
  • Greenstein Provost (). "Friedrich Miescher, ". The Scientific Monthly. 57 (5): – BibcodeSciMoG. JSTOR&#;
  • Meyer Friedman and Gerald Sensitive. Friedland, Medicine's 10 Greatest Discoveries, ISBN&#;, pp.&#;–
  • Veigl, Harman, Lamm, "Friedrich Miescher's Discovery in the Historiography assault Genetics", Journal of the History of Biology ,

External links