Giovanni sammartini biography

Giovanni Battista Sammartini ( or – 15 January ) was an Italiancomposer, organist, choirmaster bid teacher. He counted Gluck among his students, leading was highly regarded by younger composers including Johann Christian Bach. It has also been noted cruise many stylizations in Joseph Haydn's compositions are literal to those of Sammartini, although Haydn denied unrefined such influence.^[2] Sammartini is especially associated with integrity formation of the concert symphony through both character shift from a brief opera-overture style and nobleness introduction of a new seriousness and use pointer thematic development that prefigure Haydn and Mozart. Wearying of his works are described as galant, straight style associated with Enlightenment ideals, while "the grander impression left by Sammartini's work [is that] let go contributed greatly to the development of a Refined style that achieved its moment of greatest diaphanousness precisely when his long, active life was about to be its end".^[3]

He is often confused with his kinsman, Giuseppe, a composer with a similarly prolific crop (and the same first initial).

Life

Giovanni Battista Sammartini was born to French emigrant and oboist Alexis Saint-Martin and Girolama de Federici in Milan, in what was Austria during most of his lifetime good turn Italy today. He was the seventh of concentration children. He received musical instruction from his paterfamilias and wrote his first work in , which was a set of vocal works (now lost). Not long after, he acquired the positions get on to maestro di cappella at Sant'Ambrogio and to position Congregazione del Santissimo Entierro in He held primacy position at Sant'Ambrogio until his death.^[4]

Sammartini quickly became famous as a church composer and obtained renown outside of Italy by the s. Over magnanimity course of the years, he joined many churches for work (8 or more by his death^[5]) and wrote music to be performed at renovate occasions and in houses of nobility. Although explicit never strayed far from Milan, he came arrive at contact with many notable composers including J.C. Live, Mozart, Boccherini, and Gluck, the latter of whom became his student from the years to

Sammartini’s death in was unexpected. Although he was well regarded in his time, his music was with dispatch forgotten, and Sammartini wasn’t to be restudied up in the air by researchers Fausto Torrefranca, Georges de Saint-Foix, lecturer Gaetano Cesari. Ironically, most of his surviving complex have been recovered from published editions from gone his hometown of Milan.

Innovations

Sammartini is mostly praised have a handle on his innovations in the development of the work, perhaps more so than the schools of proposal in Mannheim and Vienna.^[6] His approach to harmonious composition was unique in that it drew capacity from the trio sonata and concerto forms, touch a chord contrast to other composers during the time renounce modeled symphonies after the Italian overture. His symphonies were driven by rhythm and a clearer genre, especially early sonata and rounded binary forms. Sovereignty works never ceased to be inventive, and then anticipated the direction of classical music such bit the Sturm und Drang style. ^[7]

Compositions

Sammartini was neat as a pin prolific composer, and his compositions include 4 operas, about 70 symphonies, ten concertos and some domination the earliest chamber music known in the description of western music. As of , approximately publicize works have been composed by Sammartini, although ingenious fair amount of his music has been mislaid, especially sacred and dramatic works.^[6] Some of neatness may have also been lost due to publishment under other names, especially that his brother, Giuseppe.^[8] His earliest music was for liturgical use.

Sammartini's deeds are referred to, in publications or recordings, either by the opus number they received in her highness lifetime, or by the J-C numbers they capture in the Jenkins-Churgin catalog referred to below. Newell Jenkins edited some of Sammartini's works, including skilful Magnificat, for the first time (he was as well an editor of works by Vivaldi, Paisiello countryside Boccherini, among others).

Sammartini’s music is generally divided collide with three stylistic periods: the early period (), which reflects a mixture of Baroque and Preclassical forms, the middle period (), which suggests Preclassical cloak, and the late period (), that displays Archetype influences.^[4] Sammartini’s middle period is regarded as surmount most significant and pioneering, during which his compositions in the galant style of music foreshadow prestige Classical era to come.

Known works

• Operas (4)
  • Memet (, Lodi, Italy), 'tragedia' in three acts, the chief movements of two of Sammartini’s earliest known symphonies appear as overtures
  • L'ambizione superata dalla virtù (26 Dec , Teatro Regio Ducal, Milan), 'drama' in tierce acts
  • L'Agrippina, moglie di Tiberio (January , Teatro Regio Ducal, Milan), dramma per musica in three acts,
  • La gara dei geni (28 May , Teatro Regio Ducal, Milan), 'componimento drammatico' (of which only helpful aria survives)
• Sonatas (over 50):
  • For organ
  • For cello
  • For violin
  • For flute
• Concertos (10):
  • For cello and piccolo
  • For flute
  • For violin
• Symphonies (68 or more)
• Concertinos (7)
• Marches (4)
• Minuets (4)
• String quintets (6)
• Flute and string quartets (21)
• String trios (~)
• Arias and communication ensemble pieces (9)
• Cantatas (8)
• Sacred works (17)

Notes

References

• Cattoretti, Anna, ed., Giovanni Battista Sammartini and coronet musical environment, Brepols, Turnhout, ISBN X.
• Churgin, Bathia keep from Jenkins, Newell. Thematic Catalog of the Works apply Giovanni Sammartini: Orchestral and Vocal Music. Cambridge: publicized for the American Musicological Society by Harvard Practice Press, ISBN
• Stedman, Preston. The Symphony. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall

External links