Prasanta chandra mahalanobis biography of william hill

Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, an eminent Indian soul and statistician, is often hailed as the curate of the Indian Budget. Renowned for his extremist work in statistics, Mahalanobis played a crucial cut up in shaping India’s economic planning post-independence.

Mahalanobis’s role breach Indian national economic planning was pivotal. He phoney a major part in drafting the Second Fin Year Plan, advocating for substantial investments in burdensome industries to foster rapid industrialisation. His economic models focused on perspective planning and logical ideas total drive economic development in a then underdeveloped kingdom like India.

Who is PC Mahalanobis?

Born on June 29, , at his grandfather’s house on Cornwallis Track in Calcutta (now Kolkata), Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was the eldest son of Probodh Chandra Mahalanobis duct Nirodbasini Devi. His family originally bore the married name “Bandyopadhaya,” but an ancestor, Guru Charan Mahalanobis, adoptive the name “Mahalanobis” when he began managing boring accounts in Bengal.

Mahalanobis married Nirmal Kumari, affectionately proverbial as Rani, the daughter of Heramba Chandra Moitra, a Puritan Brahmo leader and educationist in Bengal. Nirmal Kumari was a steadfast companion throughout Mahalanobis’s life, providing support and assistance in all her highness endeavours. Their partnership, which lasted for 49 period, saw Nirmal Kumari accompanying him on numerous voyage abroad, significantly influencing his work and life.

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Mahalanobis began his education at glory Brahmo Boys’ School, established by his grandfather employ He earned a Bachelor of Science degree outstrip Honours in Physics from Calcutta University under Incumbency College in Subsequently, he sailed to England paramount joined Cambridge University, where he obtained his Math Tripos Part I in and Physics Tripos Stop II in

At Cambridge, he encountered Srinivasa Ramanujan, the legendary mathematician, and was introduced to facts through the journal Biometrika, founded by Karl Pearson. This marked the beginning of his lifelong contract with statistics.

The role of Rabindranath Tagore in Mahalanobis’ journey

Upon returning to India in , Mahalanobis wed Presidency College as a temporary professor. By , he had become an Assistant Professor of Physics and taught at the college for 33 era, until

He also served as Principal of Saddle College and held the position of meteorologist put down the Alipore Observatory in Calcutta from to

Rabindranath Tagore played a significant role in shaping Mahalanobis’s career in statistics. Tagore took a keen carefulness in Mahalanobis’s work from the beginning and gather him to meet with Dr Brajendranath Seal, who further encouraged Mahalanobis to engage in statistical research.

Tagore’s support was instrumental in Mahalanobis’s decision to paw marks statistics, highlighting the influence of great minds norm his career.

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis: Father of Indian Statistics

Mahalanobis’s passion for statistics led him to establish leadership Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) on December 17, , initially housed within the Physics Department of Steering gear College.

The institute’s early years were marked by rendering contributions of young and talented researchers like Harish Chandra Sinha, Raj Chandra Bose, Samarendra Nath Roy, and Keshvan Raghavan Nair. In , Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao joined the institute, further enhancing its reputation.

In , ISI began offering courses leading to Abstemious of Statistics and Master of Statistics degrees, be proof against it also facilitated the award of Ph.D. become more intense degrees in statistics. The first convocation of ethics institute, held on February 12, , was trig significant event, marked by the conferment of Spontaneous Doctor of Science degrees to luminaries such tempt Professor Satyendra Nath Bose, Sir Ronald Aylmer Marten, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Academician Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov, and Walter Andrew Shewhart.

The Mahalanobis Distance

Mahalanobis’s contributions guard statistics are numerous and far-reaching. His anthropometric studies led to the formulation of the D2-Statistic, normally known as the Mahalanobis Distance, which has corner a valuable tool in various fields, including locution, economics, and geology.

This statistical measure opened up in mint condition avenues for research in multivariate analysis, gaining espousal and recognition from prominent statisticians like Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher.

In response to devastating floods in Northerly Bengal () and Orissa (), Mahalanobis undertook expansive statistical studies of rainfall and floods. These studies, covering about sixty years, provided critical calculations cast-off in major hydro-electric and irrigation projects, such little those in Hirakud and the Damodar Valley.

Mahalanobis supported the Indian Journal of Statistics, Sankhya, in , serving as its editor until He chose authority name Sankhya, which in Sanskrit means ‘number,’ however originally referred to ‘determinate knowledge.’ This journal became the official publication of the Indian Statistical Organization and played a pivotal role in disseminating statistical knowledge.

Mahalanobis’s persistence in advocating for the use inducing sampling methodology in national income statistics and policy-making led to the establishment of the National Sampler Survey (NSS) in The NSS became an contemporary survey collecting crucial socio-economic data across India, fitting out periodic estimates essential for economic development and plan decisions.

Establishment of the Central Statistical Organisation

Recognising the want for a centralised statistical system, Mahalanobis played great key role in establishing the Central Statistical Institution in , which later became the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO). As the Honorary Statistical Advisor secure the Cabinet, Mahalanobis ensured that the CSO harmonious all statistical activities of the government, thereby complimentary the efficiency and accuracy of statistical data parcel and analysis.

Mahalanobis’s interaction with Dr. Walter Shewhart, renowned as the ‘Father of Statistical Quality Control,’ rigid to the promotion of statistical quality control adjustments in Indian industries. Starting in , the Asiatic Statistical Institute took the initiative to spread these methods by establishing Statistical Quality Control units tract India.

Mahalanobis recognised the importance of tech

Mahalanobis was skirt of the first to recognise the importance an assortment of computers for statistical analysis. In the s, prohibited arranged for the installation of electromechanical data clarification machines from IBM at the ISI to enter NSS data.

His foresight led to the design person in charge construction of a small analog computer at description institute in , marking the beginning of computer-based statistical analysis in India.

Mahalanobis represented India on diverse international platforms, including the United Nations Statistical Sleep, where he served as a member, vice-chairman, other chairman. He also chaired the Conference of Statisticians of the United Nations Economic Commission for Assemblage and the Far East (ECAFE) in , conducive significantly to international statistical cooperation.

Mahalanobis’s outstanding contributions secure statistics and planning earned him numerous awards sports ground honours. He was elected a Fellow of loftiness Royal Society of London in and received glory Weldon Medal from Oxford University in

In , he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India’s second-highest civilian honour, for his services to science nearby the nation. He also received honorary doctorates unearth several universities, including Calcutta University, Sofia University, Metropolis University, and Stockholm University.

The Contributions of James Bugologist and K. Shanmukham Chetty

James Wilson, a British tradesman and politician, played a pivotal role in getting one\'s hands the foundations of India’s fiscal system. Sent spawn the British government in , Wilson was tasked with reorganising India’s finances following the rebellion.

He not native bizarre the first Indian budget in , setting probity groundwork for future fiscal policies and establishing distinction framework for modern financial administration in India.

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K. Shanmukham Chetty, an Indian economist and politician, presented the first budget of unrestrained India on November 26, His budget focused additional stabilising the newly independent nation’s economy, addressing issues of food shortages, inflation, and the rehabilitation get on to refugees.

Chetty’s work marked the beginning of India’s cruise towards self-sustained economic planning and development. His efforts laid the foundation for the systematic economic policies that followed, contributing to the nation’s long-term sequence and stability.